I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini^*, Gusti Ayu Ratih Kusuma Ratna Dewi and Ida Ayu Made Sri Arjani

Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Denpasar, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia.

Corrresponding Author E-mail:agungswastini18@gmail.com

Abstract

The content of snail (Achatina fulica) mucus chemical compounds that have been tested by researchers quantitatively are: Heparan Sulfate 16.45 mg/100 g, Acharan Sulfate 21.33 mg/100 mg, Acahtin isolate 36.06 mg/100 mg, Ca2⁺ Ion 86.12 mg/100 g, Beta Agglutinin 58.22 mg/100 g, Achasin Protein 102.22 mg/100 g, Glycokonyugat 8.86 mg/100 g, qualitatively snail mucus gel contains chemical substances contained in snail mucus gel are: Allantoin, Collagen, Elastin, Glicolic, Vit A and and C, Antibiotic peptide, Protein, Enzyme, Hyaluronic Acid, Copper Peptide, Antimicrobial peptide, Iron, Zinc, Proteoglycans. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal concentration of Na CMC as a gelling agent in the manufacture of snail mucus gel, obtain the optimal formula from the optimal formula variation, make a snail mucus gel preparation that serves as a cure drug for periodontitis, test snail mucus gel with optimum concentration in rats for the treatment of periodontitis. Research methods: true experimental laboratorium, determination, preparation of snail mucus chemical compounds, optimization and determination of Na CMC, optimization and determination of glycerin, optimization and determination of sodium lauryl sulfate and snail mucus preparation formula. The results of the study obtained optimization of gel preparations with three kinds of concentrations, namely 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, obtained the results of the stability test of the preparation declared stable, tasteless organoleptical viscous liquid, pH 6.75; 6.81; 6.88; 6.79; 6.79; 6.84 evenly distributed 5.6; 6.1; 6.5; 6.79; 6.79; 6.84; adhesion 12.45g/cm2; 15.80: g/cm2 ; 17.20; 12.50; 12.50;17.50; 17.20; 20.40; 15.40; 15.40; 20.05 viscosity 17.50; 17.20; 20.40; 15.40; 15.40; 20.05 cp and turbulent flow type (4050 Reynold), 4100; 4095; 4050; 4050; 4080. The conclusion of this research is the optimal concentration of Na CMC as a gelling agent in the manufacture of snail mucus gel is 10%.

Keywords

Healing; Na CMC; Optimization; Periodontitis; Snail Mucus Gel

Copy the following to cite this article: Swastini I. G. A. A. P, Dewi G. A. R. K. R, Arjani I. A. M. S. Optimization of Snail (Achatina fulica) Mucus Gel Formula with CMC-Na as a Gelling Agent Healing Periodontitis. Biomed Pharmacol J 2024;17(2).

Copy the following to cite this URL: Swastini I. G. A. A. P, Dewi G. A. R. K. R, Arjani I. A. M. S. Optimization of Snail (Achatina fulica) Mucus Gel Formula with CMC-Na as a Gelling Agent Healing Periodontitis. Biomed Pharmacol J 2024;17(2). Available from: https://bit.ly/3UixFHr

Introduction

orbiter drug transfer when compared to ointment². The selection of gelling agent will causes changes in the physical characteristics of the gel as well as the final result of the preparation. Gelling agents commonly used HPMC and and carbomer³. The use of snail mucus to heal burns can be facilitated by making it in the form of gel-like preparations. The gel has soothing properties, moisturizes, easy to use, easily penetrates the skin so that it provides a healing effect. Gel bases can be differentiated into hydrophobic gel bases and hydrophilic gel bases⁴. In this study, optimization of snail mucus gel preparations was carried out with the addition of Na CMC as a gelling agent with different concentrations for each formula. This is intended to see the effect of increasing the concentration of CMC-Na used as a gelling agent on the physical stability of snail mucus. Snail mucus that has been obtained according to optimal optimization will be used as therapy in mice with dental periodontitis. Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium (CMC-Na) is in the form of a white granule powder, odorless, tasteless, and hygroscopic. At a vconcentration of 3-6% in the usual formula is used as a gel base. Not easily soluble in acetone, ethyl alcohol (95%), ether, and toluene, dispersible in water at all temperatures⁵. The content of snail mucus such as beta agglutinin (antibodies) in plasma (serum), achacin protein, glycoconjugates and acharan sulfate have the benefit of eliminating wounds in terms of the blood clotting process and proliferation of fibroblast cells⁶. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the physical quality of snail (Achatina fulica) mucus gel preparations with differences in CMC-Na concentration as a gelling agent.

Material and Method

The snail that used was the type of Achatina fulica. Snail mucus is taken using the tip of a pipette, touched on the abdomen, then the flowing mucus is accommodated in a sterile pot. The obtained mucus is yellowish in color and has a characteristic smell. Snail mucus gel is formulated with 3 different CMC-Na concentrations, namely F1(CMC-Na 5%), F2 (CMC-Na 7,5%), and F3 (CMC-Na 10%). The formulation of snail mucus gel preparation made by the CMC-Na method was developed by sprinkling on a mortar that has contained warm aquades and allowed to stand for 15 minutes (Mixture 1). Nipagin and nipasol in beaker glass are dissolved with alcohol using a stirring rod until homogeneous (Mixture 2). Mixture 1 is crushed until homongenic then put mixture 2 into mixture 1, grind until homogeneous. Add Propylene glycol to the mortar, mix until homogeneous. Put the Snail mucus in a mortar, stirring until homogeneous. Weigh, and adjust the weight of the preparation by adding aquadest to the preparation, stirring until homogeneous and put in a clean container, give it a label.

Figure 1: Snail (Achatina fulica) mucus gel   Click here to view Figure

 

Figure 2: Snail (Achatina fulica) mucus gel formula with 3 different CMC-Na concentrations.   Click here to view Figure

 

The stability test is carried out by spectrometric test method by assessing: humidity, relative, and Light.

Table 1: Stability Test Results

Stability Test	Condition
Accelerated Stability Test	400C±20C/75% RH±5%RH
Intermediate Stability Test (Inyermediet testing)	300C±20C/65% RH±5%RH
Long-term Stability Test or actual test (Long term testing)	250C±20C/60%RH±5%RH or 2oC/65%±RH

 

Results

After qualitative analysis at the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, it was found that the chemical substances contained in snail mucus gel are: Allantoin, Collagen, Elastin, Glicolic, Vit A and and C, Antibiotic peptide, Protein, Enzyme, Hyaluronic Acid, Copper Peptide, Antimicrobial peptide, Iron, Zinc, Proteoglycans.

Table 2: Snail Mucus Gel Formula

No	Materials	F1 (%)	F2 (%)	F3  (%)
1	CMC	5	7.5	10
2	Nipagin	0,36	0,36	0,36
3	Nipasol	0,04	0,04	0.04
4	PG	10	10	10
5	Aq ad.	100	100	100

 

Snail mucus gel was formulated with ingredients CMC, Nipagin, Nipasol, PG and Aquadest with    concentrations of 5%, 7.5% and 10%.

Results of Snail Mucus Gel Analysis (F1)

 Table 3 shows that the results of snail mucus gel analysis with a concentration of 5% found that the stability is stable, viscous liquid, tasteless liquid, homogeneous, pH 6.75, even distribution 5.6 (normal dispersion is between 5-7 cm), adhesion 12.45, the higher the adhesion test the better, viscosity 17.50, ranging from 10-20 Centi poly and this is still within normal limits, while the tubulen flow type 4050 Reynold, shows that snail mucus has a good flow type with Re>4000.

Table 3. F1 Analysis Results

No	Test Code	Unit	Method	FI Results
1	Stability	–	Spectrometric test	Stable
2	Evaluation of the state	–	In house	Viscous liquid
3	Organoleptics	–	Organoleptics test	Tasteless liquid
4	Homogeneity	–	Spectrometric test	Homogeneous
5	pH	–	pHmetric test	6.75
6	Dispersion	–	Spectrometric test	Evenly distributed (5.6 cm)
7	Adhesion	g/cm2	Brinel test	12.45
8	Viscosity	cp	Viscosimetrie test	17.50
9	Flow type	–	In House	Turbulent (4050 Reynold)

 

Results of Snail Mucus Gel Analysis (F2)

Table 4 shows that the results of snail mucus gel analysis with a concentration of 7.5% found that the stability is stable, viscous liquid, tasteless liquid, homogeneous, pH 6.81, even distribution 6.1 (normal dispersion is between 5-7 cm), adhesion 15.80, the higher the adhesion test the better, viscosity 17.20 (ranging from 10-20 Centi poly) and this is still within normal limits, while the tubulen flow type 4100 Reynold, shows that snail mucus has a good flow type with Re>4000. The percentage of snail mucus gel is 7.5% better than snail mucus gel with a concentration of 5%.

Table 4: F2 Analysis Results

No	Test Code	Unit	Method	F2 Results
1	Stability	–	Spectrometric test	Stable
2	Evaluation of the state	–	In house	Viscous liquid
3	Organoleptics	–	Organoleptics test	Tasteless liquid
4	Homogeneity	–	Spectrometric test	Homogeneous
5	pH	–	pHmetric test	6.81
6	Dispersion	–	Spectrometric test	Evenly distributed (6.1 cm)
7	Adhesion	g/cm2	Brinel test	15.80
8	Viscosity	cp	Viscosimetrie test	17.20
9	Flow type	–	In House	Turbulent (4100 Reynold)

 

Results of Snail Mucus Gel Analysis (F3)

Table 5 shows that the results of snail mucus gel analysis with concentration 10 % found that the stability is stable, viscous liquid, tasteless liquid, homogeneous, pH 6.88,     even distribution 6.5 (normal dispersion is between 5-7 cm), adhesion 15.80, the higher the adhesion test the better, viscosity 20.40, ranging from 10-20 Centi poly and this is still within normal limits, while the tubulen flow type 4095 Reynold, shows that snail mucus has a good flow type with Re>4000. Three formulas of snail mucus gel were analyzed, a gel with a concentration of 10% has the best quality. Based on the results of testing the physical stability of the gel, the concentration of 10% will be used as a gel formula for healing periodontitis.

Table 5: F3 Analysis Results

No	Test Code	Unit	Method	F3 Results
1	Stability	–	Spectrometric test	Stable
2	Evaluation of the state	–	In house	Viscous liquid
3	Organoleptics	–	Organoleptics test	Tasteless liquid
4	Homogenitas	–	Spectrometric test	Homogeneous
5	pH	–	pHmetric test	6.88
6	Dispersion	–	Spectrometric test	Evenly (6.5 cm)
7	Adhesion	g/cm2	Brinel test	17.20
8	Viscosity	cp	Viscosimetrie test	20.40
9	Flow type	–	In House	Turbulent (4095 Reynold)

 

Discussion

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tissue supporting the teeth (periodontium). Clinical examination of periodontitis sufferers shows an increase in pocket depth, bleeding when probing gently at the site of active disease and changes in physiological contours. Periodontitis is the main cause of tooth loss in adult population worldwide, who are at risk of loss multiple teeth, and masticatory dysfunction thereby affecting nutrition, and a person’s quality of life¹¹. On clinical examination there is an increase in probing depth, bleeding on probing (where the disease is active) which is carried out slowly and physiological contour changes can also be found redness, swelling of the gingiva and are usually painless¹². In this study it was found that the concentration of snail mucus gel 10% is the best as a healing agent for periodontitis because it has stable stability, viscous liquid, tasteless liquid, homogeneous, pH 6.88 evenly distributed, 6.5, for normal dispersion is between 5-7 cm, adhesion 15.80, the higher the adhesion test the better, viscosity 20.40, ranging from 10-20 Centi poly and this is still within normal limits, while the tubulen flow type 4095 Reynold, shows that snail mucus has a good flow type with Re >4000.

The gel is quite comfortable when used, gives a cooling sensation and can moisturize the skin because it has a high water content. The main gelling agent is also called gelling agent¹³. Gelling agent is a hydrocolloid substance that gives consistency to the gel. One example of a gelling agent is CMC-Na, a synthetic polymer of acrylic acid, in the form of a white powder with a characteristic odor, very easily ionized, slightly acidic, and very hygroscopic so that it has a good water-binding ability and can form a gel with sufficient viscosity¹⁴. The pharmaceutical formulation that is widely used orally and topically is Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) especially because it can increase its viscosity properties. CMC-Na concentration for use of gelling agent is 3-6%. CMC-Na is also used in cosmetics, toiletries, surgical prosthetics, and incontinence, personal hygiene, and food products¹⁵. CMC-Na is in powder or granular form, white to cream in color, and hydroscopic⁹. Na CMC dissolves easily in hot and cold water. Na CMC is a derivative of Cellulose which provides stability to the product by capturing water to form hydrogen bridges with other Na CMC molecules¹⁶. The higher the gelling agent concentration, the higher the viscosity and the healing time is longer. Snail slime gel with gelling agent CMC-Na concentration of 3% and positive control (bioplacenton) has the fastest effect in healing burns, namely 12.50 ± 0.55 days compared to gelling agent CMC-Na concentration 5%, concentration 7%, control negative (snail slime), and base control¹⁷

Conclusion

The physical stability of the snail slime gel has been analyzed, it was found that the gel with an optimum concentration of 10% CMC-Na (F3) had the best quality. This concentration will be used as a formula for making periodontitis healing gel, because it has stable stability, thick liquid, tasteless liquid, homogeneous, pH 6.88, even distribution 6.5 (normal spreading power is between 5-7 cm), adhesive power 15.80 ( the higher the better), the viscosity is 20.40 (still within normal limits), while the tubulent flow type is 4095 Reynold, indicating that snail mucus has a good flow type with Re>4000.

Acknowledgment

This research is supported and funded by the DIPA Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar, in 2022-2023.

Conflict of Interest

The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

Funding Sources

There are funding by DIPA Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar No. 5034.DDC.007.054.A.521219

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