eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2026-09-30 19 3 2119 2130 10.13005/bpj/3482 73369 article Yaseen Al Qaisi 1 Ahmad Alsarayreh 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, AL- Karak, Jordan Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) is a medicinal plant known for its diverse phytochemical composition and numerous reported biomedical and biological activities. This review provides an updated synthesis of its phytochemistry, alkaloid diversity, biological activities, mechanisms, safety profile, and biomedical relevance. A literature search identified 70 relevant research papers published between 2015 and 2026, covering chemical constituents and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, and other biological effects. Evidence was considered according to experimental level, including in vitro, in vivo, animal, and traditional-use studies. The findings demonstrate substantial phytochemical diversity and promising biological activities; however, most evidence is derived from experimental models, with limited clinical validation. Reported phototoxic, hepato-renal, cardiovascular, reproductive, and embryotoxic effects also highlight important safety concerns. Further mechanistic, pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and clinical studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of R. graveolens. Overall, this review highlights its biological   potential and biomedical relevance while emphasizing the limitations of current evidence and priorities for future research. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol19no3/phytochemical-composition-biological-activities-and-biomedical-applications-of-ruta-graveolens-l-a-review/ Alkaloids Antibacterial Antioxidant Cytotoxic Phytochemicals Plant Ruta graveolens and Rutin