eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2026-08-04 19 3 72930 article Raveesha Peeriga 1 Prashanth Kumar Katta 3 Nuraddeen Ibrahim Jaafar 4 Gope Edward Raju 5 Sheikdawood Mohamed Shiek Arabath 6 Department of Pharmacognosy, V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seshadri Rao Knowledge Village, Gudlavalleru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Avira Digital LLC, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KGRL College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram-543201, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India. 6Department of Pharmacognosy, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India. This is a comparative study of regulatory processes, patent regulations and pricing policies in antiviral drugs in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. It discusses how variances in drug approval systems, intellectual property systems, and pharmaceutical pricing mechanisms affect the price and availability of antiviral treatment. A special focus is put on the effects of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities, mandatory licensing, thematic pricing or differentiation as well as the strategy of public-private partnership. The review presents a series of case studies to explain the successful access programs and the structural challenges that still exist in low-income countries, including the expansion of antiretroviral therapy against HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis also considers how the availability of treatment is influenced by the work of the government, global treaties, and the business community. The review suggests policy suggestions that will align regulatory standards, enhance the exploitations of TRIPS flexibilities, promote generic competition, and strike a balance between the incentives of pharmaceutical innovation and the need to promote public health. In general, the research highlights the importance of concerted international strategies to minimize the inequality in the availability of antiviral drugs and enhance the health outcomes in the world. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol19no3/global-perspectives-on-antiviral-drug-regulation-a-comparative-analysis/ Case Studies Health Policy Intellectual Property Price Strategies Regulations