eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2026-05-22 19 2 71989 article Fatima Aslaou 1 Najat Ababsi 2 Halima Ibrahimi 3 My Abdellah Nabaoui 1 Amina Essamett 1 Hefdhallah Al-Aizari 4 Laboratory of natural resources and sustainable development, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat, Morocco. Research Team on Health and Nutrition of Mother and Child, Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Dhamar University, Yemen The aim of the analyze the risk factors for the main causes of early neonatal mortality in Morocco. At the national level, Intrauterine hypoxia, prematurity, perinatal infection and neonatal jaundice account for 90% of neonatal deaths in Morocco. Intrauterine hypoxia, prematurity, perinatal infection and neonatal jaundice account for 90% of neonatal deaths in Morocco. Factors associated with intrauterine hypoxia include: maternal anemia (OR :1.8 CI to 95% :1.5,3.2), placental infarction (OR :1.2 CI to 95%:1.1,2.2), parental smoking (OR :3.9 CI to95% :3.2,6.9), intrauterine growth retardation (OR :5. 6 CI to 95% :5.1,7.3) and gestational diabetes (OR :4.9, CI to95% :5.01,7.5), with regard to neonatal jaundice, the risk factors gravitate around hyperbilirubinemia (OR :1.6 CI to95% :1.2,2.5), premature birth less than 37weeks (OR :4. 6 CI to95% :3.4,7.1), congenital hemolytic anemia (OR :3.2 CI to 95% :3.1,4.2), and blood group incompatibility (OR :2.4 CI to 95% :2.2,3.9). For risk factors of perinatal infection, the study highlighted the association with maternal age less than 25years (OR :3. 5 CI to 95% :2.7,4.3), bacterial vaginosis (OR :4.2 CI to 95% :3.9,7.5), Placenta Preavia (OR :7.2 CI to 95% :5.3,8.5), and prenatal consultation frequency less than two visits (OR :6.4 CI to 95% :5.2,6.9. With regard to risk factors for neonatal infection, Escherichia coli, isolated by Cyto-Bacteriological examination, was the cause of 973 (31.9%) neonatal infections. The study highlighted several factors: premature rupture of membranes beyond 12 hours, (OR:5. 4 CI to 95%:4.2,6.3), gestational age less than 37 weeks of amenorrhea (OR:4.6 CI to 95%:3.4,7.1), on the other hand, cesarean section was a protective factor against perinatal infection (OR:0.3 CI to 95%:0.1,0.4). Screen and treat maternal anemia; educate on smoking cessation; manage gestational diabetes; monitor fetal growth. Identify and manage hyperbilirubinemia; care for premature infants; screen for hemolytic anemia; test blood group compatibility. Promote maternal health; screen for bacterial vaginosis; manage placenta previa; increase prenatal consultations. Manage membrane rupture; care for premature infants; use cesarean sections when needed; ensure neonatal hygiene. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol19no2/risk-factors-for-early-neonatal-mortality-in-morocco/ Early neonatal infection Intrauterine hypoxia Neonatal jaundice Perinatal infection Prematurity