eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2026-06-01 19 2 71998 article Dejidmaa Buyantogtokh 1 Erdenechimeg Chuluunbaatar 2 Enkhzaya Lkhagvadorj 3 Anu Altangerel 1 Nyamdolgor Uranbileg 4 Faletrov Yaroslav 4 Department of Pharmacology, Research Center, Institute of Traditional Medicine and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Department of Chemistry and Technology, Research Center, Institute of Traditional Medicine and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Department of Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Research Institute for Physical-Chemical Problems, Republic of Belarus, Minsk Laboratory of plant stress physiology, Botanic Garden and Research Institute, MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) causes tubular damage and activates inflammatory pathways, including p38 MAPK, which regulates cellular stress and inflammation. This study assessed the phenolic compound profile, safety, and nephroprotective effects of Taraxacum officinale extract in an experimental model of AKI. Phenolic compounds, specifically flavonoids and phenolic acids, were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantified spectrophotometrically. Acute toxicity was measured by the Prozorovsky method. AKI was induced in Wistar rats with gentamicin (100 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of T. officinale extract (44 or 88 mg/kg) for 14 days. Kidney function, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and activated p38 levels were measured to evaluate inflammation and renal protection. The extract contained luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, and caffeic acid. Total flavonoid content was expressed as luteolin equivalents (2.464 ± 0.24%). The LD50 (2.19 g/kg) showed low acute toxicity. Gentamicin raised serum creatinine, KIM-1, and p38 (p < 0.01), while 88 mg/kg extract reduced creatinine (−49.7%), KIM-1 (−14.3%), and p38 (−19.4%) (p < 0.05–0.01). Histopathology confirmed renal protection. These results demonstrate that T. officinale confers dose-dependent renoprotection, likely by reducing inflammation through flavonoid-mediated suppression of p38 MAPK signaling, which limits downstream production of pro-inflammatory mediators and renal cell injury. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol19no2/phytochemical-characterization-and-nephroprotective-effects-of-taraxacum-officinale-f-h-wigg-extract-in-a-gentamicin-induced-acute-nephrotoxicity-rat-model/ Acute kidney injury Flavonoids Gentamicin nephrotoxicity Inflammation Kidney injury molecule-1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase