eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2026-03-20 19 1 535 544 10.13005/bpj/3372 70996 article Yanuarita Tursinawati 1 Lukman Faishal Fatharani 1 Amin Samiasih 2 Ardita Nadia Zahirah 3 Shafa Noor Aulia 3 Ahmad Reihanzaki 3 Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Melatonin in beans is known for regulating glucose absorption in muscles and intracellular transformation with Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT 4) through Inositol-trisphosphate 3 (IP3) kinase activation. The efficacy of functional food ingredients has not been fully explored, and there is still a lack of information about the action mechanism of the hypoglycaemic effect and the relationship to GLUT 4 gene expression in beans. Therefore, this research aims to explore the hypoglycaemic efficacy of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and GLUT 4 gene expression in diabetic rats. This experimental research with a post-test only control group design was conducted on male Wistar rats that divided into KN (without STZ induction), K- (induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) 45 mg/kgBW), K+ (induced by STZ+Metformin), P1 (induced by STZ+red beans extract dose 0.35 g/200 gBody Weight), P2 (induced by STZ+red beans extract dose 0.7 g/200 gBW). After 21 days, the rats were examined for Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), while GLUT 4 gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. ANOVA test used to analyze the mean differences between groups. Qualitatively, red beans extract contain melatonin with IC50 0,4057 mg/mL (Acarbose 0.0138 mg/mL). There was a significant decrease in FPG in groups P1 (p = 0.043) and P2 (p = 0.023). The red bean extract group showed up-regulation of GLUT 4 gene expression (P1 = 52.77, P2=71.75). The correlation between GLUT 4 and FPG had no significant results with p = 0.725, and r = -0.074. Red beans extract contained melatonin has α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity although the power still below than acarbose. Administration of melatonin contained in red bean extract at a dose of 0.7 g/200 gBW can increase GLUT 4 gene expression than in lower dose. Melatonin contained in melatonin may contribute to improved glucose metabolism, but the quantitative levels of melatonin needs to be measured through further research. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol19no1/effects-of-melatonin-rich-extract-from-red-beans-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-on-glucose-levels-and-glut4-gene-expression-in-diabetic-rats/ Diabetes Glucose GLUT 4 Melatonin Red bean