eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2025-09-30 18 3 2270 2276 10.13005/bpj/3253 67756 article Amjed Haseeb Khamees 1 Nabba Mohammed Ibrahim 1 Department of pharmacognocy and medicinal plants, College of pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Diabetes mellitus remains a critical global health concern, necessitating exploration of novel and safe therapeutic options. This study investigated the antidiabetic potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) leaves and Olea europaea (olive) leaf extracts in an experimental mouse model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Male Swiss albino mice (25 ± 2 g) were divided into six groups: normal controls, untreated diabetics, and treatment groups receiving metformin (200 mg/kg), fenugreek extract (400 mg/kg), olive leaf extract (400 mg/kg), or a combination of both extracts (200 mg/kg each). Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (186.9 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels were monitored on days 0, 3, and 7, with postprandial glucose measured after a glucose load on day 7. Results showed significant hypoglycemic effects in treated groups. Olive leaf extract reduced fasting blood glucose from 235 ± 8.2 mg/dL to 123 ± 5.6 mg/dL (p < 0.01), nearly matching metformin (120 ± 4.3 mg/dL). Fenugreek leaves extract produced a moderate decline to 144 ± 6.1 mg/dL (p < 0.05), while the combination achieved 141 ± 5.9 mg/dL. Postprandial glucose reduction was greater with olive leaf (−52%) compared to fenugreek (−38%, p < 0.05). Mechanistic observations suggest olive polyphenols, particularly oleuropein, enhance insulin sensitivity and inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, while fenugreek galactomannan delays glucose absorption. Both extracts also mitigated oxidative stress, protecting pancreatic β-cells. In conclusion, olive leaf extract demonstrated glucose-lowering activity comparable to metformin, while fenugreek offered complementary though less potent effects. These findings highlight the promise of plant-based therapies in diabetes management, warranting further long-term and clinical evaluations. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol18no3/natural-wisdom-in-blood-sugar-regulation-investigating-trigonella-foenum-graecum-and-olea-europaea/ Alloxan Diabetes Fenugreek Hypoglycemic Natural extracts Olive leaf