eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2025-09-30 18 3 2164 2178 10.13005/bpj/3244 66926 article Ram Niwas Jangir 1 Gyan Chand Jain 1 Aditya Jain 1 Tanvi Jangid 1 Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been linked to reproductive impairments. Medicinal plants have shown potential in alleviating diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction in male. The Primary aim of the study was to assess the influence of an extract derived from Cassia fistula pod on reproductive hormone levels and testicular dysfunction in diabetic rats. A streptozotocin (STZ) dose (60 mg/kg b.wt.) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected to Wistar male rats to induce diabetes. 36 male rats were randomly assigned to six different groups: a healthy control group, a diabetic control group, three diabetic groups administered varying amount of Cassia fistula extract (100, 250, 500 mg/kg body weight per day), and a diabetic group receiving glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight per day). The treatment was given every day for 60 consecutive days. Levels of reproductive hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), along with oxidative stress in testicular tissue, were assessed. Histomorphometric and histopathological alterations in the testes were also examined. Diabetic control group exhibited significant decline in testicular weight, the testicular germ cells population, seminiferous tubular diameter and reproductive hormones like testosterone, FSH and LH as compared to control rats. Additionally, significant rise in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) alongside a simultaneous reduction in SOD and CAT activities as well as ascorbic acid and glutathione levels within the testicular tissues were observed compared to control rats. The administration of Cassia fistula extract or glibenclamide via oral route in diabetic rat led to improvements in serum insulin and reproductive hormone concentrations. Additionally, a reversal of histopathological and histomorphometric changes was noted relative to the diabetic reference group. Furthermore, the administration with the extract decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant levels in testicular tissue in comparison to the untreated diabetic rats. The outcomes of this research reveal that the hydroalcoholic extract from Cassia fistula pod exhibits significant antioxidant activities and can also modulate testicular dysfunction in diabetic male rats. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol18no3/ameliorative-effects-of-cassia-fistula-pod-extract-on-testicular-histopathology-oxidative-stress-and-reproductive-hormone-levels-in-streptozotocin-induced-diabetic-rats/ Antioxidant activity Cassia fistula Histopathology Oxidative stress Streptozotocin Testosterone Testicular dysfunction