eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2025-03-31 18 1 401 409 10.13005/bpj/3096 63828 article Manas Das 1 Aashis Dutta 2 Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Assam, India Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Lab Gauhati University,Assam, India Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.is a perennial herb belonging to Cyperaceae family and is in use in Paraguayan medicinal system as a refreshing beverage with major claims in possessing diuretic, digestive, sedative, tonic, anti-spasmodic and sudorific properties. Information about the herb was gathered through a structured electronic and bibliotheca exploration of different indexed and non-indexed journals and reports published on ethno-pharmacology, phyto-chemistry and traditional applications involving different pre-clinical studies (1972-2024) regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of the plant. The plantwith long slender rhizomes, solitary smooth stem, lanceolate spikelets and radially symmetrical pollen grains is enriched with phyto-constituents like flavonoids (quercetin, vitexin), terpenoids (limonene, linalool, δ-cardinene) and steroids (β-sitostenone, β-sitosterol). Various in-vitro and in-vivo scientific evidences unfold the pleiotropic nature of the herb including anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, anti-microbial, anti-aggressive, anti-spasmodic, anxiolytic and sedative property, most of which affect the nervous system. Even some traditional Paraguayan claims in pharmacological  properties received controversial scientific output requiring extrapolative experimental confirmatory evidences. However, there is lack of data regarding certain aspects like phyto-constituents responsible for exhibiting effects and accurate molecular mechanism of operation. This comprehensive review summarizes the botanical description, conventional application, phyto-chemistry, pharmacological data and toxicity study of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. as well as marked novel directions for further research and development to scientifically authenticate the pharmacological capability of the plant. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol18no1/therapeutic-insights-and-phyto-chemical-profile-of-kyllinga-brevifolia-rottb-a-review/ Anti-aggressive Anti-depressant Anti-spasmodic Anxiolytic Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb phyto-constituents