eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2025-03-31 18 1 671 680 10.13005/bpj/3118 65107 article Johan Eko Saputro 1 Selamat Budijitno 2 Nani Maharani 4 Erlangga Pradipta Harianto 1 Neni Susilaningsih 5 Nyoman Suci Widyastiti 6 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Surgery, Dr Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Clinical Pathology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Sepsis is a severe medical condition characterized by an excessive inflammatory response to infection, often leading to organ failure, particularly in the heart. Cardiac dysfunction in sepsis results from multiple mechanisms and significantly worsens patient prognosis. Given the limited therapeutic options for sepsis, there is an urgent need to explore new substances that can help modulate the inflammatory response. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Andrographis paniculata on transcription factors and proinflammatory cytokines, specifically NF-κB and iNOS. This study used a 100% pure, standardized Andrographis paniculata leaf extract with andrographolide content of 5.68%. The extract was diluted in 1.0% Na-CMC to a total volume of 100 mL and administered orally. A negative control group received 100 mL of 1.0% Na-CMC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally to induce inflammation. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6 per group): K1 (positive control), P1 (negative control), P2 (200 mg extract), P3 (400 mg extract), and P4 (500 mg extract). The treatment lasted 21 days, after which histopathological samples were analyzed, and NF-κB and iNOS levels were measured using immunohistochemical staining. All three dosages of Andrographis paniculata extract significantly reduced NF-κB and iNOS expression. The highest dosage group (500 mg) showed the most substantial decrease in expression compared to the other treatment groups. Andrographis paniculata  leaf extract effectively reduced NF-κB and iNOS expression in a sepsis-induced animal model, highlighting its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in sepsis management https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol18no1/the-effects-of-andrographis-paniculata-leaf-extract-on-nf-%ce%bab-and-inos-expression-in-the-heart-of-lipopolysaccharide-induced-septic-rats/ Andrographis paniculata Andrographolide iNOS NF-kB Sepsis