eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2025-03-31 18 1 471 481 10.13005/bpj/3101 64434 article Ramachandran Tamilselvi 1 Sivakumar Nandhini 1 Elumalai Muniyandi 2 Prathibha Saravanakumar 3 Alagarsamy Venkatesh 1 Venkatachalam Prakash 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Narayanapuram, Pallikaranai, Chennai Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Nandanam, Chennai Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai Dental materials are essential in dentistry for restoring and maintaining oral health. These materials include polymers, ceramics, composites, metals, and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Metals and metal oxide nanoparticles are particularly valued for their unique properties. The biocompatibility of these materials is critical and depends on the release of elements, which is influenced by factors such as composition, pretreatment, and handling. However, the cytotoxicity of released metals can negatively impact both oral and systemic health. This review explores the cytotoxicity of commonly used metals in dentistry, emphasizing the complex relationship between dental materials and biological systems. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol18no1/cytotoxicity-of-metals-and-metal-oxides-nanoparticles-in-dentistry-a-comprehensive-review/ Biocompatibility Cytotoxicity Metals Metal oxides Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species