eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2025-03-31 18 1 547 558 10.13005/bpj/3107 65067 article Rakam Gopi Krishna 1 Satya Lahari Boddu 1 Samhitha Damera 1 Akash Kumar Kadapa 1 Krishna Mohan Reddy Dharmareddy 1 Charithaa Katha 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Pharmacy, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Humans have been afflicted with Tuberculosis (TB) since the beginning of time. In 2023, the WHO reported that the South-East Asia Region had the highest number of new TB cases (45%), followed by the African Region (24%) and the Western Pacific Region (17%). India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo accounted for over two-thirds of global TB cases. In 2022, eight countries accounted for over two-thirds of global TB cases: India (27%), Indonesia (10%), China (7.1%), the Philippines (7.0%), Pakistan (5.7%), Nigeria (4.5%), Bangladesh (3.6%), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (3.0%). Although, TB is a worldwide hazard, it excessively affects individuals in developing nations. According to estimations, almost one-third of the world's population coexists in dormant form with the pathogenic bacteria. Despite the fact that TB is curable, the probability of a effective treatment decreases as the illness develops multidrug resistance, and the situation degrades as the illness becomes widely drug resistant. With the development of new medications like recent years have seen some encouraging developments with the introduction of new types of anti-tubercular drugs, such as Bedaquiline and Delamanid after several decades without the development of a new TB medication. Hepatitis, hypersensitivity responses, nausea, vomiting, and other adverse effects are produced by allopathic anti-TB medications used to treat the symptoms of the condition. Toxicity and also adverse properties of allopathic medications have led to a rise in the usage of herbal remedies. TB has been effectively treated with medicinal plants from both foreign and Ayurvedic (Indian traditional medicine) sources. This review has described a few plants that may have anti-tubercular properties that have been found in the literature from a variety of sources. Several botanicals and synthetic medications are discussed in this review paper, along with the chemical components that give them their anti-tubercular properties. This study encourages more research on the possible applications of synthetic medications and medicinal plants with anti-TB activity. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol18no1/advances-in-anti-tubercular-agents-a-comprehensive-review/ Chemical constituents Medicinal plants Pathogenic bacteria Synthetic  drugs TB