eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2024-09-30 17 3 1471 1481 10.13005/bpj/2957 61238 article Rana Mohammad Al-awadhi 1 Heba Mohammed Ahmed Abdelrazek 2 Eman Mohammed Abouelhassan 3 Marwa Samir Kamel 4 Nayrouz Ali Attia 5 Asem Abdelmonem Awad 5 Department of Science, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Collage of Basic Education, Kuwait. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Pharmacology program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt. The neem plant (Azadirachta indica) is one of the most important medicinal plants in Asia and Africa. This study aimed to investigate the possible anti-fertility potential of dietary neem leaves' extract in female Wistar albino rats as. This model could be further applied to stray dogs. In this experiment 24 adult female albino Wister rats were divided into two groups: control and treated with neem leave extract, they were tested for estrous regularity by vaginal smears, progesterone, and estrogen hormone were measured. Ovarian caspase-3 expression and histopathological inspection were examined. The results have revealed reducing sex steroids, increment in ovarian caspase-3 expression, and histological deteriorations in the ovary and uterus. The study concluded that neem flower extract can be used as an antifertility agent in animals. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol17no3/neem-leaves-extract-reduces-sex-steroids-and-gonadal-function-in-female-wistar-albino-rats/ Antifertility Female Neem Reproduction