eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2023-09-30 16 3 1791 1796 10.13005/bpj/2758 50905 article Latifa Nabeel Alsaad 1 Juman Ahmed Abdulameer 1 Ethel Aputerebuno Akolaa 1 Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil 2 Jayadevan Sreedharan. 2 MPH student, Faculty, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measurement of the amount of minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, in bone tissue. Factors that can affect BMD include age, gender, genetics, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. As people age, the density of their bones starts to decline gradually. Due to hormonal changes during menopause, the chance of developing osteoporosis among women is very high. Genetics also play a role in BMD, with some individuals having a higher genetic predisposition to osteoporosis and lower BMD. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking are some factors associated with BMD. Regular exercise is a protective factor, whereas other two smoking and excessive alcohol are risk factors. It is important to monitor BMD throughout life to identify any potential health concerns and take steps to prevent bone loss. A healthy lifestyle is an important factor that will help maintain sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake and take medication or supplements as directed by a healthcare professional. Regular physical activity such as walking and running can help promote bone health and maintain BMD. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol16no3/bone-mineral-density-and-its-determinants-a-systematic-review-of-risk-factors-and-prevention-strategies/ Bone mineral density Determinants United Arab Emirates