eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2022-12-20 15 4 2085 2098 10.13005/bpj/2545 46569 article Maged A. El Wakeel 1 Ghada M. El-Kassas 1 Shaimaa A. Hashem 1 Mones M Abushady 1 Alyaa H Kamhawy 1 Ahmed F. Amer 1 Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. Introduction: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical, chronic inflammatory condition of the gut.  The purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of zinc sulphate and omega-3 supplementation on anthropometric measurements and faecal EED biomarkers (α-1-antitrypsin (AAT), Neopterin (NEO), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in underweight and stunted children as an intervention for EED. Subjects and Methods: An interventional study included 105 underweight and stunted children, divided into two subgroups: one subjected to intervention with zinc supplementation (55 children) and the other subjected to intervention with omega-3 supplementation (50 children) for 6 months. Assessment of anthropometric measurements and faecal EED biomarkers: AAT, NEO, and MPO.  Results: Regarding the zinc intervention group, post-intervention weight, weight z score, height, height z score, and BMI z score were highly significantly improved after 6 months of zinc supplementation (p value ≤ 0.001). Serum zinc level was highly significant increased after supplementation (p value ≤ 0.001), while AAT and NEO were highly significant and significant decreased (p value ≤ 0.001) (p value  ≤ 0.05) respectively. Regarding the omega-3 intervention group, post-intervention weight, weight z score, height, and height z score were highly significantly improved after 6 months of omega-3 supplementation (p value ≤ 0.001). Meanwhile, no significant change was observed for serum iron and zinc level (p value  ≥ 0.05) or EED faecal markers except for AAT, which was highly significant for decreasing after supplementation (p value ≤ 0.001). A significant increase in weight, height, and serum zinc level was observed in the zinc supplementation group more than in the omega-3 supplementation group (p value  ≤ 0.05). Alongside no significant difference post intervention in EED fecal markers between the two groups (p value  ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: No definite drug intervention or supplementation is documented as appropriate management. Zinc sulphate supplementation is thought to be more beneficial than omega-3 supplementation, as evidenced by the improvement of anthropometric measurements and decrease of EED faecal markers. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol15no4/zinc-sulfate-and-omega-3-do-they-have-a-role-in-enviromental-enteric-dysfunction/ Environmental Enteric Dysfunction  Omega-3 Fatty Acids  Malnutrition  Stunting  Zinc