eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2020-12-30 13 4 2061 2068 10.13005/bpj/2086 36163 article Meena Kumari K 1 Amberkar Mohanbabu Vittalrao 1 Charitha 1 Praveen Kumar SE 1 Sushma Prabhath 2 Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104 Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104 BACKGROUND -This study undertaken to screen a potential wound healing activity of an ethanolic extract of Anacardiumoccidentale(Ao)leaves in Wistar rats.      MATERIALS AND METHODS-Excision wound of 500mm²created on the back of Wistar rats. A total of thirty adult Wistar rats were prescreened and divided into five groups of six rats each.Group I and II rats were treated by normal saline (control) and povidone-iodine (standard drug), respectively.   Group III and IV with 0.5% and 2%of Anacardiumoccidentale ointment (test drugs), respectively, and Group V rats treated with anti-wound healer drug dexamethasone, i.m. + 2% Anacardiumoccidentale. All drugs were applied topically except Inj. dexamethasone.  In the model of excision wound, the wound healing effect was determined by parameters such as the percentage of wound contraction, duration of epithelialization, and histopathological examination. RESULT-All drugs, povidone-iodine, 0.5%, and 2% of the Ao ointment treated group of rats showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the % of wound contraction on 5^th and 6^thdays Vs.Control rats. In contrast,povidone-iodine, 2% Ao ointment and (dexamethasone + 2% Ao)treated rats decreased the period of epithelialization which was statistically significant (P<0.05) compared to the control.However, the standard povidone-iodine treated rats showed a maximum increase in the percentage of wound contraction and minimum period of epithelialization, followed by a higher dose of 2% Ao extract.  The plant extract 0.5% and 2% of Ao showeda significant increase inthe rate of wound contraction as compared to the standard drug povidone-iodine also.  The combination of (2%Aoextract+dexamethasone) drug-treated rats decreased the rate of wound contraction on 5^th, 9^th days; whereas, povidone-iodine increased on all days, i.e., 5^th, 9^th, 13^th and 17^th days,which was statistically significant (p<0.05) Vs.Normal saline. The povidone and 2% of Ao extract hastened the rate of wound healing activity, which was evident by maximum re-epithelialization and presence of the collagen fibers. CONCLUSION-In our study, the topical application of Anacardiumoccidentale leaf extract has shown promising wound healing activity; however, it failed to reverse the anti-wound healing property of steroids. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol13no4/evaluation-of-wound-healing-activity-of-an-ethanolic-extract-of-anacardiumoccidentale-leaves-in-wistar-rats/ Anacardiumoccidentale  A Period Of Epithelialization Povidone-Iodine Wound Contraction