eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 0974-6242 2019-12-28 12 04 1723 1730 10.13005/bpj/1801 29889 article Omnia Magdy Hendawy 1, 2 Mona Anwar ELBana 3 Hassan A. Abdelmawlla 4, 5 Naseer Maliyakkal 6 Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab 2, 7 Pharmacology department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Clinical Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Medical Biochemistry department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. Department of anatomy, college of medicine, Jouf university, saudi arabia Anatomy and embryology department, College of medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt Pharmacology department of Basic Medical Sciences - College of Applied Medical Sciences - King Khalid University, KSA. Aluminum (Al) is present daily in our life, the long-term excessive Al intake induces neuroinflammation and cognition retardation.   Annona squamosa leaves showed some medicinal activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic drugs. This study was designed to examine the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of annona squamosa leaves against aluminum chloride (AlCl₃-induced neuroinflammation in rats. 40 male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each.  Group 1; (Control rats), Group 2; (rats received AlCl₃ 50mg/kg body weight orally (p.o), Group 3; (rats received AlCl₃ and annona squamosa leave aqueous extracts (300mg/kg) and Group 4; (rats received AlCl₃ and annona squamosa ethanolic extracts (300mg/kg). After two months; blood samples were collected for assessment of serum nuclear factor- ҡβ (NF-ҡβ) and Acetyl cholinesterase (Ach E).  The brain of each rat was removed for assessment Brain nitric oxide, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase 3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AlCl₃ increase brain MDA, NO, Ach E activity, NF-ҡβ and caspase 3, significant decreases in GSH, SOD activity and BDNF. Ethanolic or aqueous annona squamosa leaves extracts ameliorate MDA, NO, Ach. E activity, NF-ҡβ and caspase 3 and restore GSH, SOD activity and BDNF to near normal levels in AlCl₃ treated rats. Conclusion: Both of ethanolic and aqueous annona squamosa leave extracts protect rat brain against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by AlCl₃. https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol12no4/effect-of-annona-squamosa-ethanolic-and-aqueous-leave-extracts-on-aluminum-chloride-induced-neuroinflammation-in-albino-rats/ Aluminum chloride Annona Squamosa leaves Neuroinflammation.