{"id":8077,"date":"2016-08-21T08:58:06","date_gmt":"2016-08-21T08:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=8077"},"modified":"2016-08-30T10:33:03","modified_gmt":"2016-08-30T10:33:03","slug":"green-tea-in-oral-health-a-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol9no2\/green-tea-in-oral-health-a-review\/","title":{"rendered":"Green Tea in Oral Health \u2013 A Review"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

People around the world are using natural and herbal products for treatment of diseases. The products derived from medicinal plants are used for pharmaceuticals1,2,3<\/sup>.Oral cavity consist 750 species of commensal micro-organisms mainly Streptococcus mutansand Streptococcus sobrinus. They are associated with initiation and progression of caries. People fromIndia, China, Japan, and Thailand consume green tea. Health benefits of consuming green tea include the prevention of cancer, antibacterial, antioxidative, and lowering cholesterol. Antioxidant properties of green tea prevents oxidative damage of DNA4,5<\/sup>. Qualities of green tea help in the oral health management and improvement6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

History<\/strong><\/p>\n

The shrub camellia sinensisdescribes the word tea. It is originated in china and became worldwide due to its economic and therapeutic purpose. In china green tea is used as a cure for headache and depression. Now green tea is used as a health drink worldwide7<\/sup>. Green tea is obtained from the tea plant by macerating and heat drying. It is prepared from unfermented leaves and they contain high concentration of powerful antioxidants called polyphenols6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Comosition of Green Tea<\/strong><\/p>\n

The chemical composition of green tea consists of<\/p>\n

Proteins<\/p>\n

Enzymes<\/p>\n

Amino acids<\/p>\n

Carbohydrates<\/p>\n

Minerals and trace elements<\/p>\n

Trace amounts \u2013 lipids, pigments, steroids, vitamins and volatile compounds.<\/p>\n

Fresh tea leaves contain alkaloids and catechins<\/p>\n

Anticariogenic Activity<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dental caries is a multifactorial condition which is prevented by cleaning the teeth. Green tea extracts in dentifrices are used as an abrasive with strong antibacterial action8,9<\/sup>. Green tea also shows effectiveness in control of dental plaque. The components of green tea have an influence on caries and inhibit the proliferation of S. mutansand S. Sobrinus. The polyphenols present in green tea reduces the production of acid compounds. Catechins present in green tea prevent the attachment of pathogenic organisms over the surfaces of teeth. In children it significantly reduces the pit and fissures10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Antioxidant<\/strong><\/p>\n

Green tea is an antioxidant. They protect the cells against the damaging effects of peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite. Imbalance between antioxidants and oxygen species leads to cellular damage. Polyphenols in green tea is classified as six catechin compounds. Green tea lowers the risk of coronary artery disease by reducing the oxidation of low densitylipoprotein and results in low incidence of cancer. In oral cavity, cigarette smoking causes damage of cell DNA. Antioxidants deactivate and destroy ROS causing such damage and prevent the damaging of cells.<\/p>\n

Green Tea Effects\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On Oral Health<\/strong><\/p>\n

Green tea extract mouthwash is used in protection of erosion and abrasion of dentin of the teeth. Also reduces the virulent action of cariogenic pathogens like Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Green tea extract reduces \u03b1\u2010amylase activity in human saliva and inhibits the action of enzyme lactate dehydrogenise andreduces the acid production.Green tea powder reduces the volatile sulphur compounds and prevents halitosis.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Green tea plays a role in maintaining oral health. Green tea reduces the incidence of dental caries through different mechanisms includingenzymes activity and bacterial growth. Researchers need to define the mechanisms of action of green tea over the oral micro organismsfor their prevention and treatment.<\/p>\n

Reference<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Newman DJ: Natural products as leads to potential drugs: an old process or the new hope fordrug discovery? J Med Chem 2008; 51: 2589\u20132599.<\/li>\n
  2. Cowan MM: Plant products as antimicrobial agents. ClinMicrobiol Rev 1999; 12: 564\u2013582.<\/li>\n
  3. Palombo EA: Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2009, E\u2010pub ahead of print.<\/li>\n
  4. Wiseman, S. A., Balentine, D. A., Frei, B. Antioxidants in tea. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.1997; 37 (8): 705\u2010<\/li>\n
  5. Zhang, J., Shen, X. Antioxidant activities of baicalin, green tea polyphenols and alizarin in vitro and in vivo. J. Nutr.Environ Med. 1997;7 <\/strong>(2): 79\u201089<\/li>\n
  6. Cabrera C, Artacho R, Gimenez R. Beneficial effects of green tea \u2013 a review. J Am CollNutr 2006;25(2):79\u201399.<\/li>\n
  7. Graham, H. N. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev. Med.1992; 21 (3): 334\u2013350<\/li>\n
  8. Almas K. Indian J Dent Res 1999;10(1):23<\/li>\n
  9. Sakanaka S, Kim M, Taniguchi M, Yamamoto T. Antibacterial substances in Japanese green tea extract against Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 1989;53:2307\u20132311<\/li>\n
  10. Onisi M, Shimura N, Nakamura C, Sato M. A field test on the caries preventive effect of tea drinking. Journal of DentalHealth 1981;31:13\u201319<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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