{"id":56308,"date":"2024-03-20T11:26:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T11:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=56308"},"modified":"2024-04-01T19:14:44","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T19:14:44","slug":"profound-morphometric-analysis-of-acetabulum-in-south-indian-population-acetabular-dimensions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol17no1\/profound-morphometric-analysis-of-acetabulum-in-south-indian-population-acetabular-dimensions\/","title":{"rendered":"Profound Morphometric Analysis of Acetabulum in South Indian Population (Acetabular dimensions)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Acetabulum is known as the vinegar\ncup. Its deep concavity faces laterally and anteroinferiorly .The cup shape socket\nforms the hip joint on articulation with the head of a femur which provides stability to the joint . Development of\ncavity embryologically begins at 4th to 6th week and completion of cavity happens\nat 8th week of intrauterine life. Triradiate cartilage (immature ischium, ilium and pubis) fuses to form\nacetabulum. The morphology of acetabulum shows 2 surfaces, a smo oth articulating lunate surface, which\nhas its anterior and posterior end and a rough non articulating part called\nacetabular fossa covered with a pad of fat.1,2,3<\/sup>\nThe peripheral moon-shaped articular surface of\nacetabulum covered by hyaline cartilage and deficient at the inferior margin\nforms acetabular notch. This gap is bridged by transverse acetabular ligament\nto form acetabular foramen. Knowledge of morphometry & anatomical framework is necessary to understand the mechanics and enhances the acumen to perform hip arthroplasties.4,5<\/sup> A joint\nincongruity may also lead to more dislocation & fractures. So\na small change in any parameter of acetabulum leads to anatomical variations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AIM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The morphometry of acetabular fossa\nenhances major baseline\ndata for prosthesis construction of acetabulum .6,7<\/sup> In various hip dysplasia, damage to size and shape of acetabulum parameters are evaluated by applying measurements of acetabular\nparameters by an orthopedic surgeon. The present study aims to obtain\nmorphometric data of various acetabular parameters which provide\ndata to improve hip arthroplasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materials and Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A total 71 hip bones of unknown sex were studied from Department of Anatomy of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute. Out of 71 hip bones, 35 were of right side and 36 were of left side irrespective of age and sex, as these parameters can be included when the bones are derived from a single individual, which gives a precise idea. But, when the collection of bones are from different sources, the authenticity of the determination of sex and age becomes controversial. All the hip bones were fully ossified with intact normal anatomical features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specimens with any pathological evidences or damages were not\nincluded in the study. Measurements of the parameters were done with the help of digital vernier\ncaliper, twine with measuring\nscale, plasticine, and urinometer. The parameters taken were vertical diameter,\ntransverse diameter, acetabular notch width, acetabular rim, outer margin,\ninner margin, depth and capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vertical diameter: Maximum distance measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to prominent point on ischial tuberosity,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transverse diameter:\nMaximum distance measured\non acetabular rim in horizontal axis,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depth: Distance measured from the brim of acetabulum to the deepest point in acetabular fossa with an thin metallic strip of vernier caliper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acetabular\nnotch: Distance measured from the\ntwo end points of lunate with vernier\ncaliper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acetabular Circumference: Circumference of the acetabular cavity\nmeasured over the lip of the<\/p>\n\n\n\n

acetabulum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Outer rim circumference: Circumference measured around the outer margin of anterior\nhorn of<\/p>\n\n\n\n

lunate surface to outer margin of posterior horn\nof lunate surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inner rim circumference: Circumference measured around the inner margin of anterior\nhorn of<\/p>\n\n\n\n

lunate surface\nto inner margin\nof posterior horn of lunate\nsurface excluding acetabular notch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capacity: A solid mass of plasticine was moulded to fill the entire\nacetabular cup till the circumference of acetabulum including acetabular notch. The excess plasticine after the filling was removed in order to provide proper\nmorphometric evidence of volume of acetabulum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then the filled plasticine was taken and submerged in the measuring\ncylinder which was partially filled with water. So the volume of displaced\nfluid = volume of immersed object according to Archimedes principle. According to Force of buoyancy\nsubmerged volume=volume of object.\nAll these values\nwere analyzed statistically using SPSS software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The morphometry of acetabulum were measured and tabulated as below with side difference in respective units. Table 1 show the various results obtained during the study period. The value of acetabulum circumference in this study on right side was 15.26 \u00b1 1.38 cm and left side was 14.60\u00b1 1.35 cm. Outer rim circumference on right side was 11.90\u00b10.99 cm & left side was 12.43\u00b10.87cm and inner rim circumference on right side was 7.66\u00b10.84cm & left side wsa8.06\u00b10.72cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 1: Results<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

ACETABULUM<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

SIDE<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

MEAN \u00b1 SD<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

TRANSVERSE<\/p>\n

DIAMETER<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49.33 \u00b1 7.36 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.57\u00b16.79 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

DEPTH<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.28\u00b13.27 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.50 \u00b13.18 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

VERTICAL<\/p>\n

DIAMETER<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.05\u00b14.40 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.66\u00b14.95 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ACETABULAR<\/p>\n

NOTCH<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.00\u00b13.28 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.56\u00b12.61 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

OUTER RIM<\/p>\n

CIRCUMFERENCE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.90\u00b10.99 cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.43\u00b10.87 cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

INNER RIM<\/p>\n

CIRCUMFERENCE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.66\u00b10.84 cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.06\u00b10.72 cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ACETABULAR<\/p>\n

CIRCUMFERENCE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.26\u00b11.38 cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.60\u00b11.35 cm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CAPACITY<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RIGHT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.22\u00b15.43 ml<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

LEFT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.22\u00b15.77 ml<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n

Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our study would give an elaborate idea of possible parameters in\nanthropometry of acetabulum of dry hip bone in South Indian population, which\nprovides a strong anatomical\nknowledge to orthopedic surgeons for enhancing the success rate of hip arthroplasties.\n8,9,10,11<\/sup> Anthropometry of acetabular fossa is a major baseline data\nfor making hip prosthesis. 12,13<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our study accounts for precise morphometric values of the possible parameters measurable in the acetabular cavity. The transverse diameters of acetabulum of right and left side were 49.33 \u00b1 7.36 mm, and 48.57\u00b16.79mm respectively. The transverse diameter reported by Gursharan, 14<\/sup> was found to be greater than the same in the present study and quite nearer to value was reported by Archana ,15<\/sup> 47.43\u00b13.43mm and 48.13\u00b13.33mm on right and left sides. The diameter of acetabular cavity on vertical axis was 48.05\u00b14.40mm and 47.66\u00b14.95mm on right and left side respectively. The same diameter as compared with Sridharan, was smaller and statistically significant with p value less than 0.05 on both sides (Table 2). 16<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 2: Comparison Table<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Parameters<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Our Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gursharan 14<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Archana 15<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ilankathir 16<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Yugesh <\/strong>17<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

TRANSVERSE<\/p>\n

DIAMETER[mm]\n<\/td>\n

\n

49.33 \u00b1 7.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

51.3\u00b12.6<\/p>\n

P= 0.073<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.43\u00b13.43<\/p>\n

P=0.031<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

48.57\u00b16.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50.3\u00b13.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.13\u00b13.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

P= 0.103<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

P= 0.591<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

DEPTH[mm]\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.28\u00b13.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.7\u00b12.7<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.73\u00b13.06<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.34 \u00b12.53<\/p>\n

P=0.01499<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

29.9\u00b10.21<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

22.50 \u00b13.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.4\u00b13.0<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28.04\u00b12.88<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.35\u00b12.54<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

29.7\u00b10.23<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

VERTICAL<\/p>\n

DIAMETER[mm]\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.05\u00b14.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.00\u00b13.56<\/p>\n

P= 0.938<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50.43\u00b13.88<\/p>\n

P= 0.0002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.4\u00b10.27<\/p>\n

P= 0.256<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

47.66\u00b14.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.38\u00b13.12<\/p>\n

P= 0.264<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50.28\u00b13.85<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.0\u00b10.37<\/p>\n

P= 0.597<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ACETABULAR<\/p>\n

NOTCH[mm]\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.00\u00b13.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.11\u00b12.70<\/p>\n

P= 0.021<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.48\u00b11.89<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.8\u00b10.42<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

20.56\u00b12.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.98\u00b12.79<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.29\u00b11.86<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

31.1\u00b10.72<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

CAPACITY[ml]\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.22\u00b15.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36.68\u00b16.23<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

27.22\u00b15.77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33.56\u00b15.63<\/p>\n

P<0.0001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n

On the statistical analysis of the transverse and vertical diameters of acetabulum in our study, there was no significant difference between the parameters of the right and left side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The depth of acetabulum in present study was 23.28\u00b13.27mm on right side and 22.50 \u00b13.18mm\non left side. Our values were smaller and statistically significant on\ncomparison with the study of Sridharan.16<\/sup> The comparison of the same with Archana of North Indian population is also\nstatistically significant.15<\/sup> The\ncavity depth in the South Indian population ranges from 23mm to 29mm with reference of other similar\nstudies by Gursharan and Yugesh . 14,17<\/sup> The width of acetabular notch of present study was measured\nas 22.00\u00b13.28mm and 20.56\u00b12.61mm on right\nand left side. It was found that the findings were again smaller and\nstatistically significant with Sridharan, Archana, and Yugesh as mentioned in\n[Table 2]. 15,16,17<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The morphometric knowledge of acetabular rim is very important for labral reconstruction, which is necessary to repair labral tears. In this study the value of acetabular rim measured was 15.26\u00b11.38mm and 14.60\u00b11.35mm on right and left side respectively. Outer rim of acetabulum on right and left side were 11.90\u00b10.99mm and 12.43\u00b10.87mm and the inner rim measured were 7.66\u00b10.84mm and 8.06\u00b10.72mm. This understanding of acetabular rim plays a main role in hip stability, but this parameter was infrequently noted in hip anthropometry studies, that have been done till date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The volumes of acetabulum in this present study were 27.22\u00b15.43mm\nand 27.22\u00b15.77mm on right and left side respectively. The study by Gursharan,\ndone by the same method showed a huge difference in volume with a comparatively\ngreater range and significant statistically as well.14<\/sup> Thereby the measured values\nenhanced by manual\nmethod are more accurate than the\nradiological method as these provide a better understanding for biomedical\nengineers for modeling the prosthesis as readings are near the real value. 18,19,20,21,22,23<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study emphasizes mainly on the detailed knowledge of anatomical\nparameters of acetabulum which are more important & essential to orthopedic\nsurgeons for various hip surgeries. The depth of acetabular cavity plays an\nimportant role in acetabular dysplasia. Acetabular rim parameters were studied\nin great detail and plays important role in labral reconstructions. The values obtained\nhere are pertaining to a part of South Indian population . These values were very smaller when compared to other races and even\nother Indian states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study has proved the importance of making prosthesis at an individualized level, rather than on a general level. This knowledge of acetabular parameters is essential for anatomist, forensics experts and orthopaedicians to deliver their performances to the maximum in their specialties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acknowledgement<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

None<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conflict of Interest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no conflict of interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funding Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

None<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Introduction The Acetabulum is known as the vinegar cup. Its […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol17no1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56308"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57413,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56308\/revisions\/57413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}