{"id":54621,"date":"2023-12-31T11:28:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T11:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=54621"},"modified":"2024-01-05T06:17:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T06:17:35","slug":"impact-of-counseling-based-edu-vaccine-on-the-control-and-prevention-of-covid-19-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol16no4\/impact-of-counseling-based-edu-vaccine-on-the-control-and-prevention-of-covid-19-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of Counseling based Edu Vaccine on the Control and Prevention of COVID-19 Pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In\nDecember 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified an outbreak of an\nacute respiratory disease caused by the 7th<\/sup> strain of coronavirus.\nIt was firstly reported in Wuhan, named \u201cCOVID-19\u201d, later, renamed \u201cSARS-CoV-2\u201d\nby the International Committee on Taxonomy of Virus (ICTV).1,2.3<\/sup> The\ncases of COVID-19 were earlier recorded as pneumonia of unknown etiology.4,5<\/sup>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According\nto the available data, 7 strains of coronavirus can infect humans. Four of them\ncannot distort human physiology. The 5th<\/sup> and 6th<\/sup> coronaviruses\nare MERS-CoV and SERS-CoV that cause Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and\nSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome, respectively. The 7th<\/sup> strain was\nnamed \u201cSARS-CoV-2\u201d which causes COVID-19.6,7 <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The\nincubation period of COVID-19 is between 2 to14 days and the signs and symptoms\nof COVID-19 are similar to the common cold to a great extent that includes\ncough, fever, shortness of breath, and fatigue. The less common symptoms of\nCOVID-19 are sore throat, nasal congestion, aches, pains, bluish lips,\nconfusion, and diarrhea.8-10<\/sup> SARS-CoV-2 is believed to 1st<\/sup>\ndevelop in bats and then transmitted to pangolins and ultimately to humans. In\nhumans, SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through direct, indirect, or close\ncontact with the infected person via mouth or nose secretions that include\nsaliva, respiratory secretions, or secretion droplets. A person can also get an\ninfection indirectly by touching a surface or object that is possessing virus\non its surface or is contaminated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Covering your\nmouth and nose with either elbow or a piece of cloth can prevent the spread of the\nvirus to healthy people.11 <\/sup> According\nto published study findings, COVID-19 has grown dramatically, resulting in millions\nof fatalities worldwide.12-14 <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bao-Liang\nZhong et al<\/em> conducted a survey on\nChinese residents during COVID-19 and observed that good COVID-19 knowledge is\nassociated with optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices towards\nCOVID-19, suggesting that health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19\nknowledge help encourage an optimistic attitude and maintain safe practices.15<\/sup>\nPascal Geldsetzer et al<\/em> conducted an\nonline survey to assess the perception of residents of the US and UN during the\nCOVID-19 outbreak. He concluded that ensuring that the local public is well\ninformed about a pandemic like COVID-19 could reduce unnecessary anxiety. The\nlocal public has adequate information about the transmission and precautions\nthat can also reduce disease spread and ultimately save lives.16<\/sup> Similarly\nMichael S. Wolf et al<\/em> conducted a\nsurvey on US adults to assess their knowledge, attitude, awareness, and actions\nregarding COVID-19. They reported that adults with comorbid conditions had not adequate\nknowledge of COVID-19 and, despite the concerns; they were not changing daily\nroutine and habits.17<\/sup> Hence the educational awareness is key\ncomponent to manage and prevent covid-19 infection. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has posed\nchallenges on the health and well-being of the general public globally. Public\nadherence towards preventive measures is directly influenced by their knowledge\nand attitude regarding COVID-19. Keeping this is mind, the present study we conducted an\nonline survey, we provided a questionnaire to the local public containing basic\nquestions related to COVID-19 including prevention, transmission, and risk\nfactors. Following online survey, we again conducted a survey to check the\nimprovement in the people\u2019s awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards\nCOVID-19. Hence, the main objective of this survey was to assess and increase\nthe knowledge and awareness of the general public about COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materials and Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This pre and\npost designed, prospective, study was conducted in different North Indian states\nof India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Bihar, and Utter Pradesh) in the form of\nan online survey. The primary data was collected using a convenient sampling\ntechnique for five months period from 4th<\/sup> March to 7th<\/sup>\nJuly, 2020. The survey questionnaires was sent to 1597 potential responders (general\npopulation) which included students, parents, housewives, and medical\nprofessionals. Out of 1597, a total of 826 responders completed the survey\nquestionnaires. The responded participants were enrolled as study participants\nand divided into two groups. The first group received COVID-19 related\ninformation through video and audio by whatsapp video and audio calling with\nthe help of COVID-19 booklet hence the group known as counseling group, and the\nsecond group did not received counseling, they only received COVID-19 booklet\nthrough the email and what\u2019s app and known as non-counseling group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eligibility Criteria of study participants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The participants who were included in this study were either sex, aged between 18 to 70 years, willing to participate and able to give valid consent, and not participate in any other survey related to COVID-19 from the last 3 months. The patients who excluded aged below 18 and above 70, participated in any other survey related to COVID-19 from the last 3 months and not willing to participate and not showing interest in gathering awareness about COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Counseling\nbased Edu Vaccine <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We developed a counseling based Edu Vaccine for increasing awareness\nabout COVID-19 prevention and control the spread in the society. This counseling\nbased Edu Vaccine consist all relevant information to prevention and control of\nCOVID-19. The purpose is to educate people about COVID-19 through counseling,\nface to face and online meetings and awareness through booklet, videos and\nphotos and make them ready to follow the necessary measures for prevention of\nCOVID-19 infection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Development\nof a tool for data collection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A 30-items\nquestionnaire as an instrument was developed by using standard resources course\nmaterials and guidelines on promising respiratory viruses, including COVID-19.\nThe developed draft of the questionnaire was distributed to 3 randomly selected\nfield experts to assess its reliability and validity before pretesting among\nthe general population. Corrections were made as necessary to make easy better\ncomprehension the final survey questionnaire was distributed to the study\npopulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Content of\nthe study tool and intervention<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study instrument was a self-administered questionnaire comprised of 30 closed-ended questions and took approximately 5-10 minutes to complete. The self-administered 30-item questionnaire was divided into three parts- 1st<\/sup><\/em> part consisting of 10 socio-demographic information related questions including participant characteristics (5 items), socioeconomic status (3 items), food habits, and locality (2 items), 2nd<\/sup><\/em> part consists of 10 questions based on general knowledge and awareness about Covid-19, basic information and different modes of transmission (5 items), knowledge about symptoms of COVID-19 (2 items), high-risk population and sample collection  ( 3) and 3rd<\/sup><\/em> part consist of questions related to the precautions and risk prevention (4 items) and perceptions of COVID-19 (4 items). Enough time duration was given to participants to read, understand, and answer all the questions.18,19<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recruitment,\nresponse rates of the participants, and data collection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study began with the sending of 30 items self-administered questionnaire survey to 1597 participants of different states in India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Bihar, and utter Pradesh) through email, whatsapp and Facebook messenger and wait for their responses\u2019 with gentle reminders. Out of 1597 only 826 participants responded and completed the survey questionnaire and agree to participate and give consent to complete the study. The remaining 771 applicants were excluded because they did not respond and incompletely filled the questionnaire survey. The total duration of the study was 5 months (from 4th<\/sup> March to 7th<\/sup> July, 2020). Participants were allocated to counseling and non-counseling groups. Each group had 413 participants. 30 participants did not complete the study questionnaire from the counseling group and 28 patients from the non-counseling group were excluded because patients did not complete the questionnaire. Finally, 768 (385 in the non-counseling group and n=383 in the counseling group) have completed whole study. The counseling group received educational awareness counseling while the non-counseling group received only COVID-19 booklet on their mail and what\u2019s app. After giving the educational intervention thepost- assessment questionnaire was sent to the participants of both the groups on their similar platform and taking the responses of participants as the answer to the questions. A summary and study overview is given in Figure 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\n

Figure 1: Overview of Study with Screening, Enrollment, Intervention and Analysis <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Click here to view Figure<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

Ethical\nconsiderations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The privacy\nand confidentiality of the study participants’ information were maintained\nthroughout the study. All the eligible participation was voluntary and was not\ncompensated in this survey. Online informed consent was taken from each\nparticipant before continuing with the questionnaire. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The data collected was encoded, validated and analyzed using\nSPSS version 21. The calculation of frequencies and proportions is based on\ndescriptive analysis. The chi-square test was used to study the association\nlevel between variables. Statistically significant was a p-<\/em>value of less than 0.05. Demographic and socio-economic\nassessments of participant participants were compared between individual t-test\ngroups. Individual comparisons were made using the median test to obtain the\ncorrect answer percentage. Descriptive analyses, sample paired and independent\nt tests (Mean, Median (Min-Max), SD). A t-test for analyzing data with an\ninterval of confidence of 95% and a significant of 5% or p<\/em>-value < 0.05 was considered. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baseline Characteristics of Participants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The average age of the study participants was 26.2\u00b18.7 years\n(mean\u00b1 SD) with an age range from 18 to 60 years. The number of male participants\nwas higher (395) as compared to the females (373) participants. The study data\nshowed that a maximum number of participants belonged to the urban area (461)\nas compared to rural and semi-urban 163 and 144 respectively. In this study, a\nlarge number of participants belong to graduation (531) level education\nfollowed by postgraduate and school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Participants were from various types of occupations, most of the participants were students (425) followed by housewives, health care professionals, businessmen, and other professionals. The demographic and socioeconomic profile of study subjects is presented in Table 1.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 1: Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of study participant<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Characteristics <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Total (n=768)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Counseling<\/strong><\/p>\n

Group <\/strong><\/p>\n

(n=384)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Non-Counseling<\/strong><\/p>\n

Group<\/strong><\/p>\n

(n=384)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

*p-value<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Age (in years)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.2\u00b18.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.1\u00b18.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.2\u00b18.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.989<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Gender<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Male (n)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

395<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

51.4 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

0.891<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Female (n)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

373<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

              48.6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Locality<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Rural<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

163<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

0.936<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Urban<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

461<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

60.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

61.6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Semi-urban<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

144<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Education<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

School<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

104<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

0.789<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Graduate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

531<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

69.1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post-graduates<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

123<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Doctorate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

                  10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Occupation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Unemployed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

0.892<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Housewife<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Health worker<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Student<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

425<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

55.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Business<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Professional<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

169<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n

Pre and Post Counseling Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table-2<\/em> shows the pre and post counseling assessment regarding the knowledge about COVID-19 among counseling and non-counseling group participants. We identified a significant knowledge gaps between counseling and non-counseling group in the post-assessment. For instance, in the baseline assessment, only 35% and 41.4 % of participants of the non-counseling and counseling group were aware of COVID-19 after counseling there was a significant difference found, 83% participants were completely awarded about COVID-19. In the beginning, only half of the population was aware of the present source of COVID-19 infection after counseling a significant change was observed (87.8% vs.<\/em> 53.1%, p<\/em><0.05) between groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At baseline, approximately half of the population were aware\nthat fever, cough, difficulty in breathing are the symptoms of COVID-19 but\nafter counseling, this percentage became increased (96%) in counseling group.\nAt baseline, population was confused about COVID-19 can transfer from pregnant\nwomen to their baby and what type of sample is required to test COVID-19, after\ncounseling 79.7% and 78.9% population were aware of this concepts. However, the\nparticipants’ knowledge about questions related to the incubation period of\nCOVID-19 and mode of transmission was not good at baseline but after counseling\naround 85.9% population were aware of the incubation period (2-14 days) of\nCOVID-19 and most of the population were aware of the mode of transmission of COVID-19\n(p<\/em><0.05). After receiving\ncounseling 72.4% population were aware that for 72 hours coronavirus can\nsurvive on plastic or stainless steel surface (mobile phone) and 78.6%\npopulation knows that old age persons with co-morbidities more are susceptible\nto COVID- 19 infection. Total, 92.8% counseling group participants were agreed\nthat lockdown play an important role to control the COVID-19 outbreak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the participants’ knowledge about questions related to\nthe preventive measures, social distancing, Lockdown role to control the\nCOVID-19 outbreak, and community spread or 3rd stage of COVID-19 was average\nbut they did not adhere to the preventing measure. After counseling 76.6% of\nparticipants of the counseling group knows that social distancing breaks the chain\nof COVID-19 replication. Total, 91.7% participants were agreed that social\ndistancing, maintain hygiene and public awareness can help to control the\ncommunity spread or 3rd<\/sup> stage of COVID-19. After counseling 91.9%\npopulation counseling group knows that avoid close contact with people who are\nsick, avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth and stay home and washing hands\noften with soap and water are the best policy to prevent the infection of\nCOVID-19. 94.5% counseling group participants were aware that to eat a diet\nhigh in fruits, vegetables, and protein, to take a multivitamin if you suspect\nthat you may not be getting all the nutrients and do exercise and meditation\nregularly and get enough sleep may keep my immune system strong. Around 96 % population\nof the counseling group were aware of the preventive measures recommended by\nthe WHO to avoid COVID-19 infection after counseling. 71.4% participants knew\nthe intake of hot water, tea, turmeric milk, vitamin-C, and garlic can prevent\nthe infection of COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 2: Pre and Post Counseling Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Variables<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Questionnaire<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Counseling<\/strong><\/p>\n

Group % <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Non-Counseling<\/strong><\/p>\n

Group % <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Difference between the group
(p-value)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What is COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

44.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

41.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

83.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

41.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.782<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What is the present source of COVID-19 infection?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

55.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

53.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.821<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What are the symptoms of COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

59.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.542<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Can COVID-19 transfer from pregnant women to her baby?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

29.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

79.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

29.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.758<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What type of sample is required to test  COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

29.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

44.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

31.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.926<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What is incubation period of COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

60.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

59.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

85.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.589<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Can it transmit through water, milk and food items?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

43.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

75.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.798<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Can COVID-19 be transmitted from a pet animal to human?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

75.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.989<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

How long coronavirus can survive on plastic or stainless steel surface (mobile phone)?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.677<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Who is more susceptible to COVID-19 infection?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

55.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

46.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

56.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.792<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What preventive measures should be taken to break the chain of COVID-19 spread?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

41.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

76.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.965<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What does “social distancing” means?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

55.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

51.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

77.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

43.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.853<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Is lock down playing important role in controlling COVID-19 outbreak?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

51.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

92.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.812<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

How can we help  to control the community spread or 3rd stage of COVID-19 spread?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

41.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

91.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.866<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What is the best policy to prevent the infection of COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

46.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

91.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

44.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.761<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What should I do to protect others if I get diagnosed with COVID-19 infection?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

53.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

88.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.994<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What can I do to keep my immune system strong?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

43.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

94.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.541<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What preventive measures are recommended by WHO to avoid COVID-19 infection?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

59.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

63.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

What should I do I had close contact with COVID-19 infected person?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

44.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

46.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.769<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Can intake of hot water, tea, turmeric, milk, vitamin-C and garlic can prevent infection of COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pre Assessment (Response)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<0.001<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Post Assessment <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

71.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Difference within
  group (p-value) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pre \u2013 Post<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.871<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n

Discussion <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This prospective online\nsurvey, both pre and post-designed, was conducted across various states in\nIndia with two primary objectives. Firstly, it aimed to evaluate the level of\nawareness regarding COVID-19 infection and preventive measures among both\ncounseling and non-counseling groups. Secondly, it sought to bolster public\nawareness regarding the infection and its prevention. Given the widespread\ndiscussion of COVID-19 in the media and among the general public, the current\nsurge in COVID-19 transmission has induced stress among healthcare\nprofessionals, health systems, and the general populace. Hence, our study\nfocused on assessing the knowledge and awareness levels pertaining to COVID-19\namong the general population, particularly in terms of prevention and control\nduring this global epidemic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pivotal factor in\npreventing the progression of both infectious and chronic diseases is\nincreasing public awareness about these diseases and the strategies to mitigate\nthem. Numerous studies have underscored that a higher level of disease\nawareness significantly contributes to primary prevention and control.\nMoreover, it aids individuals in recognizing early signs and symptoms, enabling\nthem to take necessary precautions to prevent infection spread and seek\ntreatment during the initial stages of the disease 20-23. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapid escalation of\nthe COVID-19 outbreak led to its classification as a global public health\nemergency in January 2020. This was due to its uncertain incubation period\nspanning from day 1 to day 14, as well as the delayed onset of signs and\nsymptoms24.The findings from this study in India shed light on the level of\nknowledge and awareness about COVID-19 among the general population before and\nafter receiving online counseling. Initially, the baseline assessment indicated\nan average level of understanding regarding COVID-19. However, after\nparticipants underwent online counseling sessions, there was a noticeable\nimprovement in their knowledge regarding various aspects of the virus,\nincluding its origin, symptoms, incubation period, mode of transmission, and\npreventive measures. Comparatively, those who received counseling showed a more\nsignificant increase in knowledge compared to participants who did not undergo\ncounseling. This reinforces the idea that educational interventions, like\ncounseling sessions, can effectively enhance public awareness and knowledge\nabout COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study’s results align\nwith similar research conducted by F.A. Quadri et al among dental healthcare\nworkers, where timely dissemination of information by health authorities\npositively impacted their knowledge about the virus 25<\/sup>. This\ncorrelation suggests that access to updated and accurate information from reliable\nsources, like the Ministry of Health, significantly influences people’s\nunderstanding of COVID-19. The implication of these findings is crucial.\nContinuously providing counseling and increasing awareness through various\nchannels can play a vital role in controlling and preventing the spread of the\ndisease. When individuals are well-informed about the virus, its transmission,\nand preventive measures, they are more likely to take appropriate actions,\nfollow guidelines, and contribute to collective efforts in curbing the spread\nof COVID-19. Essentially, this study highlights the importance of ongoing\neducation and awareness campaigns in empowering communities to combat the\npandemic effectively. By continually disseminating accurate information and\nengaging in counseling sessions, the population becomes better equipped to make\ninformed decisions, thereby contributing to disease prevention and control\nefforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A similar study\nconducted  in Saudi Arabia by Haridi et\nal indicates that the population in Saudi Arabia lacked adequate knowledge\nabout COVID-19 and general infectious disease precautions. This finding\nunderscores the need for targeted educational interventions to address these\nknowledge gaps among the populace26<\/sup>. Chhajer et al study echoes the\nsentiment that there’s a widespread lack of information among participants\nregarding illness prevention. This lack of awareness emphasizes the necessity\nof robust public awareness initiatives to educate individuals about preventive\nmeasures against diseases like COVID-19 27<\/sup>. Santana et al randomized\ncontrol trial highlights the importance of continuous counseling and training\nfor healthcare workers to enhance their knowledge about diseases like AIDS.\nThis suggests that ongoing education is crucial to ensure healthcare\nprofessionals remain well-informed about disease transmission and precautions 28<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A study conducted by\nMohammed et al that targeted and repeated health education interventions should\nbe directed to this particularly vulnerable population, who may be at increased\nrisk of contracting COVID-19.29 The results of the present study suggest that\nsignificant knowledge gaps about COVID-19 can be cover by providing depth and\ncontinuous knowledge particularly about the mode of transmission and incubation\nperiod and standard precautions for COVID-19 to the general population with\nfollow ups can increase their knowledge and decrease disease progression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overall assessment,\nas indicated in multiple studies, suggests a significant lack of accurate\ninformation among the general public regarding COVID-19. Misconceptions and\nmisinformation about the virus’s transmission, symptoms, and preventive\nmeasures prevail, indicating an urgent need for intervention. The studies\nindicate that social media platforms significantly influence people’s\nperceptions and understanding of the pandemic. Acknowledging this influence is\ncrucial when designing educational campaigns and ensuring that accurate\ninformation is disseminated through these channels. The research emphasizes the\nurgency of intervention to improve public knowledge. Implementing educational\ncampaigns, providing reliable sources of information, and promoting critical\nthinking skills are identified as essential strategies. Enhancing public\nawareness can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health\nand contribute to controlling the spread of COVID-19 within communities. These\nfindings collectively stress the critical need for comprehensive and continuous\neducational efforts targeting both the general public and specific vulnerable\ngroups. Addressing misinformation, enhancing awareness, and leveraging various\ncommunication channels are vital strategies in mitigating the spread of\nCOVID-19 and other infectious diseases 30-33<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The findings of the present study conclude that a significant\nimprovement was observed in the knowledge levels regarding covid-19 and\npreventive measures to stop the outbreak. We also found a significant\nimprovement in the preventive measures practices to overcome the disease. We\nobserved that people have knowledge but they do not adhere to preventive\nmasseurs so there is an urgent need to continuous greater efforts through\neducational campaigns with follow-ups that target the general rural and urban\npopulation. This study helped people in busting myths,\nreducing rumors and anxiety among the local public and also enhanced the\nknowledge of the local public about the transmission, preventions, and risk\nfactors of COVID-19.  The results of this\nstudy suggest that survey prepared in simple and preferably in local language\nwith more emphasis on relevant information could be very useful in\nless-educated and lower-income population. These findings may help policymakers\nidentify the target populations, for COVID-19 prevention and health education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acknowledgment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We thank all the study participants for their voluntary participation and for providing essential information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conflict of Interest<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Authors do not have any conflict of interest in this study. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funding source <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are no funding sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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