{"id":360,"date":"2015-01-20T06:20:45","date_gmt":"2015-01-20T06:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=360"},"modified":"2020-04-23T11:41:23","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T11:41:23","slug":"pharmacological-investigations-of-crotalaria-laburnifolia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol1no1\/pharmacological-investigations-of-crotalaria-laburnifolia\/","title":{"rendered":"Pharmacological Investigations of Crotalaria Laburnifolia."},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

The plant Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> belonging to family Papilonaceae have been in use as a cure for snake and scorpion bites1,2<\/sup>.\u00a0 The seeds of this plant has been traditionally used as an anticancer agent.\u00a0 Much phytochemical work was carried and several alkaloids were isolated from Crotalaria<\/em> species.\u00a0 Pyrrolizidine3,4<\/sup> alkaloids were isolated from Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> plant and the activities may be due to the presence of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids.<\/p>\n

Experimental<\/strong><\/p>\n

Collection<\/strong><\/p>\n

The plant Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> was collected in march-may 2007 from the campus of Bangalore University,Bangalore-India.\u00a0 The plant was authenticated by Prof.K.Gayathri Dept. of Botany Yuvaraja\u2019s college University of Mysore.\u00a0 The whole plant was removed dried under shade and then powdered in a mechanical grinder.\u00a0 The coarse powder was extracted with methanol and the obtained extract was used for pharmacological work.\u00a0 All chemicals and reagents used for the study of pharmacological activities are of analytical grade.<\/p>\n

Antimicrobial activity<\/strong><\/p>\n

The antimicrobial activity was studied employing standard cup-plate method.\u00a0 Microbes used were Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa<\/em> and Escherichia coli<\/em>.\u00a0 The activity was compared with that of standard drugs streptomycin and gentamycin.<\/p>\n

Table:1 Antimicrobial activity of Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> extract\u00a0Zone inhibition (mm)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Extract<\/strong><\/p>\n

()<\/strong><\/td>\n

Bacillus subtilis<\/strong><\/td>\nStaphylococcus aureus<\/strong><\/td>\nPseudomonas aeuroginosa<\/strong><\/td>\nEscherichia coli<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n-b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n-b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n-b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ref.<\/p>\n

(10 )<\/td>\n

23<\/p>\n

Streptomycin<\/td>\n

21<\/p>\n

Streptomycin<\/td>\n

24<\/p>\n

Gentamycin<\/td>\n

\n

22<\/p>\n

Gentamycin<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Results are mean s.d. values of 3 replicates<\/p>\n

-b indicates no activity diameter of the inhibition zone is less than 10mm.<\/p>\n

Anthelmintic activity<\/strong><\/p>\n

The anthelmintic activity was evaluated on adult earthworms(Pheretima posthuma) due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal roundworm parasites of human beings.\u00a0 The activity of methanolic extract of Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> was compared with that of the effect produced by the standard drug Albendazole. The data is given in table 2 and fig. 1-2.<\/p>\n

Table:2 Anthelmintic activity of Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> extract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Type of extract<\/strong><\/td>\nDose<\/strong><\/p>\n

(mg\/ml)<\/strong><\/td>\n

Time taken for Paralysis(min)<\/strong><\/td>\nTime taken for death (min)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methanolic<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n103.2 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a00.96<\/td>\n146.4 0.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n44 0.40<\/td>\n62.4 0.72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n17.5 0.30<\/td>\n42.5 0.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Albendazole<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n23 0.20<\/td>\n52 0.42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vehicle<\/p>\n

(D.Water)<\/td>\n

–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Figure<\/td>\n\n

Figure 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Click here to View figure<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Analgesic effect<\/strong><\/p>\n

The study of analgesic effect in mice was performed and the commonly used procedure is tail-flick(tail with drawn from the radiant heat) method using analgesiometer.\u00a0 In this method heat is used as source of pain and the animals are weighed(15-20gm) and numbered the basal reaction time to radiant heat by placing the tip(last 1-2cm) of the tail on the radiant heat source.\u00a0 The tail with drawl from the heat(flicking response) is taken as the end point.\u00a0 Normally the mouse with drawl its tail within 2-4seconds.\u00a0 Analgesics increase the reaction time a cutoff\u00a0 period of 10 seconds is observed to prevent damage to the tail. \u00a0At least 3-5 animals basal reaction time for each mouse at a gap of 5min. to conform normal behavior of the animal.<\/p>\n

Table:3 Observations in mice (Tail flick method)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S.No.<\/strong><\/td>\nBasal reaction time<\/strong><\/p>\n

(sec)<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5<\/strong><\/td>\n

Reaction time(sec)after<\/strong><\/p>\n

Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> extract<\/strong><\/p>\n

15min \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30min<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1.<\/td>\n2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3<\/td>\n4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.<\/td>\n3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3<\/td>\n4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.<\/td>\n2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3<\/td>\n3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.<\/td>\n3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2<\/td>\n4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.<\/td>\n3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2<\/td>\n3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> extract 10mg\/Kg<\/p>\n

Results and discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n

The methanolic extract of Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> showed significant antimicrobial activity and is compared with standard antibiotic Streptomycin and Gentamycin (Table 1).\u00a0 The anthelmintic activity was studied and the extract at high concentration showed significant activity (Table 2, and Fig. 1-2) and this is compared with the effect produced by the standard drug Albendazole. The analgesic activity of the extract of Crotalaria laburnifolia<\/em> on mice using tail flick method possessing mild analgesic activity.<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T.K.A.Iyer National medical journal Dec 1963<\/li>\n
  2. J.Emmanuel and M.N.Ghosh Indian J. Pharm 1964:26,322<\/li>\n
  3. S.S.Subramanian and S.Nagarajan Planta Med,1968,16(4)432-5<\/li>\n
  4. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (EHC 80,1988)<\/li>\n
  5. G.K.Dash,P.Suresh,S.K.Sahu,S.Ganapathi and S.B.Panda Indian J.Natural Remedies 2,182(2002)<\/li>\n
  6. F.E.Amour and D.L.Smith J.Pharma exptl therap 72:74,1941<\/li>\n
  7. S.K.Kulkarni life scinces 27:185-188,1980<\/li>\n
  8. L.M.Perry, medicinal plants of east and south east Asia: attributed properties and uses. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, MIT Press (1980)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction The plant Crotalaria laburnifolia belonging to family Papilonaceae have […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol1no1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=360"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32517,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360\/revisions\/32517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}