{"id":35006,"date":"2020-09-25T10:14:45","date_gmt":"2020-09-25T10:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=35006"},"modified":"2020-10-23T10:51:39","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T10:51:39","slug":"alteration-of-skeletal-muscles-satellite-cell-differentiation-gene-in-young-rats-by-nutmeg-supplementation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol13no3\/alteration-of-skeletal-muscles-satellite-cell-differentiation-gene-in-young-rats-by-nutmeg-supplementation\/","title":{"rendered":"Alteration of Skeletal Muscle\u2019s Satellite cell Differentiation Gene in Young Rats by Nutmeg Supplementation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Skeletal muscle plays a major role in physical activities, another important skeletal muscle role is maintaining metabolic homeostasis especially glucose metabolism<sup>1<\/sup>. Research in the elderly community in Korea showed a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in groups with lower fat- muscle mass ratio <sup>2\u20134<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Skeletal muscle mass affected by various conditions such as aging, cachexia, physical activity, denervation and burning. Gradual and complete reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with physical disabilities, decrease independence and increasing morbidity and mortality <sup>5\u20137<\/sup>. Therefore, skeletal muscle mass is an important factor that can affect quality of life.<\/p>\n<p>Skeletal muscle mass changed by various stimuli such as exercise, nutrition and micronutrient balance <sup>8,9<\/sup>. The combination of exercise and proper nutrition proved can induce beneficial molecular signaling pathways to increase and maintain muscle mass. Skeletal muscle mass regulated by the processes of muscle protein synthesis, which lead to muscle hypertrophy and muscle protein breakdown (atrophy) and this process is influenced by physical activities, nutrition such as amino acids, growth factors, glucose and insulin <sup>10\u201312<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>IGF-AKT\/mTOR is the main pathway to regulate the skeletal muscle mass by increasing protein synthesis and suppress the protein degradations <sup>13<\/sup>. Previous studies showed that various physical activities can increase the IGF 1, Akt and mTOR expression in human and its downstream pathways to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy <sup>14,15<\/sup>. Notably, the mTOR is known as the main regulator in skeletal muscle regulation. The mTOR regulate the process of protein translation and also known as one of the major pathways to regulate autophagy <sup>16<\/sup>. \u00a0Autophagy is a process of self-eating the damaged cellular organs, recycling proteins, protect cells from cellular stress or nutritional limitati<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Skeletal muscle plays a major role in physical activities,  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol13no3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35006"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36678,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35006\/revisions\/36678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}