{"id":2559,"date":"2015-04-26T06:25:31","date_gmt":"2015-04-26T06:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=2559"},"modified":"2020-04-26T08:59:39","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T08:59:39","slug":"allergic-rinitis-w-s-r-vaataja-pratishaya-and-rhinosinusitis-w-s-r-dusta-pratishaya-an-emerging-consideration-in-21stcentury","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol5no2\/allergic-rinitis-w-s-r-vaataja-pratishaya-and-rhinosinusitis-w-s-r-dusta-pratishaya-an-emerging-consideration-in-21stcentury\/","title":{"rendered":"Allergic Rinitis W.S.R. Vaataja Pratishaya and Rhinosinusitis W.S.R.Dusta Pratishaya – An Emerging Consideration in 21stcentury"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

Allergic rhinitis is a most common disease in present era. in Ayurveda it is considered as dust pratishya . it occurs due to various infections in the sinuses and nasal membrain. This includes paroxysmal bouts of sneezing,watery rhinorrhoea and nasal obstruction with itching of nose.This may be associated by non nasal manifestation like watering and itching of the eyes, itching of the palate\u00a0 and in some it may be associated with broncospasm.Patient may complain of hyposmia or anosmia. At the other side Pain,fatigue and other symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis can have significant effect on the quality of life.The condition can cause emotional distress,impaired normal activity and reduced attendance at work or school.<\/p>\n

Material and Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n

Risk factors<\/strong><\/p>\n

There is strong genetic predisposition to allergic rhinitis,one parent with a history of allergic rhinitis has about 30% chance of producing offspring with the disorder.The risk\u00a0 increases\u00a0 to 50%\u00a0 if both parents have a history of allergies.<\/p>\n

Predisposing factors<\/strong><\/p>\n

1Age<\/strong><\/p>\n

Young patients are more affected,about 70% of the cases present with symptoms of nasal allergy before 30 years of age.<\/p>\n

Sex<\/strong><\/p>\n

Males are more commonly affected with male to female ratio of about 3:2.<\/p>\n

Industrialization and urbanization:\u00a0Incidence of allergic\u00a0 rhinitis is ever increasing because<\/p>\n

of industrialization and urbanization responsible for environment pollution.<\/p>\n

IgA deficiency state makes the patient more prone for allergy.<\/p>\n

Living conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n

Residential and\u00a0 workplace conditions play a significant role in the etiology.Crowding,dusty environment,air-conditioned rooms may predispose.<\/p>\n

Environmental factors<\/strong><\/p>\n

Depends on the aerobiological flora\u00a0 of the particular\u00a0 environment.Based on this\u00a0 the allergic\u00a0 manifestation\u00a0 may be a)seasonal and b)perennial.<\/p>\n

Common allergens<\/strong><\/p>\n

Inhalant:<\/strong>Commonest cause(Pollen and dust including house dust mite-75%,fungus animal dander,miscellaneous) Food allergy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Figure<\/td>\n\n

Figure 1<\/p>\n

Click here to View figure<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pathophysiology<\/strong><\/p>\n

This is complex,involving cells mediators ,cytokines,chemokines,neuropetides and\u00a0 adhesion molecules which cooperate in a complex network to produce the specific symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the nonspecific hyperactivity:The reaction can be considered in four phases-<\/p>\n

Sensitization<\/p>\n

subsequent reaction to allergen-early phase<\/p>\n

late phase reaction<\/p>\n

systemic activation<\/p>\n

Clinical features<\/strong><\/p>\n

All symptoms are simply a manifestation of the body,<\/sup> defence mechanism to the allergen.<\/p>\n

Classical:Mainly seen in seasonal allergic rhinitis.This includes paroxysmal bouts of sneezing,watery rhinorrhoea and nasal obstruction with itching of nose.This may be associated by non nasal manifestation like watering and itching of the eyes, itching of the palate\u00a0 and in some it may be associated with broncospasm.Patient may complain of hyposmia or anosmia. In perennial allergy\u00a0 the symptoms are usually less severe and may present as recurrent cold or nasal stuffiness with\u00a0 sneezing\u00a0 and watery rhinorrhoea. Nasal mucosa is usually bilaterally swollen,pale or bluish in colour,oedematous and covered with\u00a0 watery secretions.<\/p>\n

Importance of investigations<\/strong><\/p>\n

Before starting the treatment the physician and patients should\u00a0 try to identify trigger\u00a0 factors for allergic symptoms.( http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Figure<\/a><\/td>\n\n

Figure 2<\/p>\n

Click here to View figure<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Non specific<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nasal smear for eosinophils,total WBC count and differential count,absolute eosinophil count,histamine test.<\/p>\n

Specific tests<\/strong><\/p>\n

Skin tests<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subcuticular test[(Prick\/scratch test)-simple,cheap and safe ],intradermal skin test,skin end point titration tests<\/p>\n

Skin testing must always be undertaken where emergency equipment is available.<\/p>\n

Nasal cytology<\/strong><\/p>\n

In allergy patients have increased eosinophils of more than 10%<\/p>\n

Invitro tests<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.Radio-allergo-sorbant test(RAST)<\/p>\n

2.Fluoro-allergo-sorbant test(FAST)<\/p>\n

3.Paper immune-allergo-sorbant test(PRIST)<\/p>\n

Other tests-To rule out associated pathology(X-ray PNS,CT OMC, Diagnostic nasal\u00a0 endoscopy),PFT<\/p>\n

Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

Snehakarma<\/p>\n

Sweda Karma<\/p>\n

Sneha Nasya like in Arditha vote<\/p>\n

Snigda dhuma pana(dhoom nasya)<\/p>\n

Niruha vasti with vatahar dravya<\/p>\n

Yoga used in allergic rhinitis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nasya karma\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oral medicines\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rasayanam1<\/sup><\/p>\n

Anu tail\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Haridra khand\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chayavanprasha2<\/sup><\/p>\n

Shadbindu tail\u00a0 nasya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shirishashav\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Guduci rasayana3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Shirishaadi nasya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Panchmool ghrit<\/p>\n

Pippalyadi nasya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vyaaghri ghrita<\/p>\n

Vyaaghri ghrit\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Vidarigandhadi ghrit<\/p>\n

Rohishadi yoga \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Panchlavan ghrit<\/p>\n

pradaman nasya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Rasnadi ghrit<\/p>\n

Tulsi boiled Leukewarm haridra milk<\/p>\n

Yava kshara+ghrit<\/p>\n

Pathya<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patient should advised to take light,lukewarm water,oleus,vata hara diet,hot water for\u00a0 drinking and bath,resting in hot and perfect room\u00a0 without the pollution of dust and smoke.Patient should be free from tensions,worry,exercise,irrelevant talking and coitus etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Click<\/a><\/td>\n\n

Figure 2<\/p>\n

Click here to View figure<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS w.s.r. DUSTA PRATISHYAYA4<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

The term \u2018sinusitis\u2019 refers\u00a0 to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses.Because the inflammation nearly\u00a0 always also involves the nose,it is now generally accepted that \u2018rhinosinusitis\u2019 is the preferred term.Chronic sinusitis is rhinosinusitis of atleast 12 consecutive weeks duration.<\/p>\n

Prevalance and impact<\/strong><\/p>\n

By 1992,rhinosinusitis was the fifth most common diagnosis where an antibiotic was prescribed. It is one that is associated with significant direct and indirect costs.Pain, fatigue and other symptoms of chronic rhino sinusitis can have significant effect on the quality of life. The condition can cause emotional distress, impaired normal activity and reduced attendance at work or school. (American academy of otolaryngology,www.entnet.org) Predisposing factors include mechanical obstruction, focal infection, decreased mucociliary function, allergy, immunodeficiency state, autoimmune and hormonal imbalance\u00a0 etc.<\/p>\n

Clinical features<\/strong><\/p>\n

In practical setting, the focus is on those patients in whom inflammation leads to symptoms. Because of this important relationship to symptoms, the Rhino sinusitis Task Force, <\/sup>s<\/p>\n

Definitions include a group of symptoms to be applied to these conditions to allow for clinical diagnosis.<\/p>\n

Rhino sinusitis symptoms\/signs (requires two major factors, or one major and two minor).<\/p>\n

Major\u00a0 symptoms\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Minor symptoms<\/strong><\/p>\n

Facial pain\/pressure\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Headache<\/p>\n

Facial congestion\/fullness\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fever(non acute)<\/p>\n

Nasal obstruction\/blockage\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Halitosis<\/p>\n

sNasal discharge\/purulence\/discolored\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fatigue<\/p>\n

posterior drainage<\/p>\n

Hyposmia\/Anosmia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Dental pain<\/p>\n

Purulence on nasal examination\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cough<\/p>\n

Fever(acute RS only)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ear pain\/pressure\/fullness<\/p>\n

Investigations<\/strong><\/p>\n

X-Ray PNS (water\u2019s view\/caldwall view)<\/p>\n

CT imaging of the PNS (axial&coronal)<\/p>\n

Diagnostic\u00a0 nasal endoscopy<\/p>\n

Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

The antimicrobial resistance appears\u00a0 to be increasing in rhinosinusitis,so there is need \u00a0of new herbal formulations and alternative\u00a0 therapies to combat such problems.<\/p>\n

1.Krimi hara treatment<\/p>\n

2.Kshaya hara treatment<\/p>\n

3.Rasayana therapy<\/p>\n

4.Dhoom nasya<\/p>\n

5.Pratishaya treatment<\/p>\n

Yoga used in rhino sinusitis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oral medicine\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nasya5<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rasayanam<\/p>\n

Chitrak Haritaki\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anu tail\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chayavanprasha<\/p>\n

Varunaadi ghrit\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shadbindu tail\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Guduchi rasayana<\/p>\n

Vyoshaadi vati\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Guda nagar nasya<\/p>\n

Trayodashaanga kwath with\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pradmana(triphala+<\/p>\n

sahapana of madhu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 trikatu churna)<\/p>\n

After meal\u00a0 urad+saindhava\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rasaanjanaaadi tail<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Over all conclusion is that Ayurveda works in these condition as a preventive manner and also work on curatives. Nasya karma and Rasayan therapy give a milestone in the treatment of above diseases. Now we can say that acceptance of Ayurvedic methods and Pathya \u00a0manner\u00a0 noticed as \u00a0useful in this fast life during living.<\/p>\n

Refrences<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Acharya Charak charak smhita chapter 1 chikitsa sthan pad 1<\/li>\n
  2. Acharya Charak charak smhita chapter 1 chikitsa sthan pad 2<\/li>\n
  3. Acharya Charak charak smhita chapter 1 chikitsa sthan pad 2<\/li>\n
  4. Acharya Shushrut Sushrut samhita uttar tantra<\/li>\n
  5. Acharya Charak charak smhita chapter 5 sutra sthan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction Allergic rhinitis is a most common disease in present […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol5no2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2559"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33309,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions\/33309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}