{"id":1716,"date":"2015-03-28T08:25:31","date_gmt":"2015-03-28T08:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=1716"},"modified":"2020-04-26T07:15:06","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T07:15:06","slug":"aero-mycological-survey-of-school-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol4no1\/aero-mycological-survey-of-school-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"Aero Mycological Survey of School Environment"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

Microorganisms always present in the nature and they migrate through one place to another by air current. Fungus is the common microorganisms in our environment, and always present in form of spores. There are multi-thousands of recognized species of fungi. They are found in soil, in water, on animals, on vegetation, in humans, and in almost every part of the environment. Anemophilous fungi are spread by the atmospheric air. Fungal spores are always present in the air. Due to increasing awareness of the relationship of airborne fungi to allergy in patients suffering from asthma and rhinitis, many scientists and allergists began to study the presence and type of fungal spores in both indoor and outdoor air. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore the air-borne fungal flora present in the school environments of Raipur city.<\/p>\n

Materials and Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n

The gravity petriplate exposure method was used for the trapping of fungal spores using PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media at fortnightly intervals. Three petri plates were exposed for 5 to 10 min. in different schools of different localities in Raipur city. These localities were north, south, east and west. The exposed petriplates were brought to laboratory and incubated at\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 28 \u00b1 1\u02daC for 6 to 8 days. At the end of incubation period the fungal colonies were counted, isolated and identified with the help of available literature. (Barnett, 1969 ;<\/strong> Nigmani et<\/em> al<\/em>. 2006).<\/p>\n

Results and Discussions<\/strong><\/p>\n

During the investigation period total 1032 fungal colonies belonging to 22 species were observed.In the summer season307, in rainy 339 and in winter 386 fungal colonies were isolated. The major types of airspora were Cladosporium sp<\/em>. (12.69%), Aspergillus niger (<\/em>11.53%), Alternaria sp.<\/em> A (10.27%), Curvularia lunata<\/em> (9.30%), and Drechslera<\/em> (6.78%), Fusarium sp.<\/em> (5.03%)\u00a0 to the total air spora{table 1}. Higher concentration of colonies was observed during January (104) and Lower in the month of April (75).{table 2}.The results of present investigation revel with various work done by researchers.Majumdar & Ranjan(2007) isolated Aspergillus, Cladosporium,<\/em> Alternaria<\/em> in Kolkata.Roymon et.al. (2007) observed Aspergillus Cladosporium<\/em> in comman public places. \u00a0Aspergillus sp<\/em>. was observed throughout the study period similar result was also reported by Tiwari et<\/em> al<\/em>. (2006). Anamorphic fungi recorded as the most contributed fungal group throughout the study period similar result also recorded by Tiwari et<\/em> al<\/em>. (2006). Sharma&Tiwari (2009) have also reported Aspergillus niger<\/em> was most frequent fungal species during the investigation period.<\/p>\n

Table 1: \u00a0% Contribution of flora<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S.N.<\/strong><\/td>\nFUNGI<\/strong><\/td>\n%<\/strong>CONTRIBUTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/strong><\/td>\nAlternaria alternata\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n10.27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/strong><\/td>\nAlternaria<\/em>\u00a0 sp.<\/td>\n1.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/strong><\/td>\nAspergillus flavus<\/em><\/td>\n5.91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong><\/td>\nA. fumigatus <\/em><\/td>\n7.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/strong><\/td>\nA.japonicus<\/em><\/td>\n1.93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/strong><\/td>\nA. nidulans<\/em><\/td>\n1.93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/strong><\/td>\nA. niger<\/em><\/td>\n11.53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/strong><\/td>\nA. temari<\/em><\/td>\n1.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/strong><\/td>\nBispora sp.<\/em><\/td>\n1.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/strong><\/td>\nCladosporium<\/em> Sp<\/td>\n12.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/strong><\/td>\nCurvularia lunata.<\/em><\/td>\n5.81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/strong><\/p>\n

13<\/strong><\/td>\n

Curvularia clavata<\/em><\/p>\n

Drechslera sp.<\/em><\/td>\n

9.30<\/p>\n

6.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

14<\/strong><\/td>\nFusarium sp.<\/em><\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/strong><\/td>\nMucor sp.<\/em><\/td>\n1.93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/strong><\/td>\nMycelia sterilia (white)<\/em><\/td>\n4.84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/strong><\/td>\nNigrospora sp.<\/em><\/td>\n1.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/strong><\/td>\nPenicillium<\/em> SP.A<\/td>\n3.87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/strong><\/td>\nPenicillium<\/em> SP.B<\/td>\n1.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/strong><\/td>\nRhizopus sp.<\/em><\/td>\n1.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/strong><\/td>\nTrichoderma viride<\/em><\/td>\n1.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/strong><\/td>\nUnidentified<\/td>\n0.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Table<\/td>\nTable 2: No. of colonies in different month<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Click here to View Table<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Barnett, H.K. (1969)” Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi.\u201d Mins Burgss Pub. Co. Minneapolis, Minnesota.<\/li>\n
  2. Majumdar Manas , Ranjan (2007). An assessment of the indoor mycoflora of school buildings in kolkata. 14th Nat Conf. p33.<\/li>\n
  3. Nagamani, A., Kunwar, I.K. and Manoharachary, C. (2006) Handbook of Soil Fungi. I. K. International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (India)<\/li>\n
  4. Roymon,M.G., Nafde, Seema K., Mukherjee, Arpita., Talukdar, Ayantika.(2007). Identification of some commonly occurring fungi isolated from indoor air samples of common public places. 14th Nat Conf. p34.<\/li>\n
  5. Sharma K., Tiwari K.L. 2009 Aeromycoflora of ocimum sanctum Flora and fauna 15(1)21-24.<\/li>\n
  6. Tiwari, K.L., Jadhav, S.K. and Kunjam, S.R. (2006) Aeromycoflora of Slum area of Raipur (C.G.). Ad. Plant Sci. 19(II) P: 387-390.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction Microorganisms always present in the nature and they migrate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol4no1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1716"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33202,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1716\/revisions\/33202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}