{"id":1652,"date":"2015-03-26T06:05:32","date_gmt":"2015-03-26T06:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=1652"},"modified":"2020-04-26T07:10:07","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T07:10:07","slug":"efficiency-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-annona-squamosa-as-antifeedant-against-soybean-pest-diacrisia-oblique-w","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol3no2\/efficiency-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-annona-squamosa-as-antifeedant-against-soybean-pest-diacrisia-oblique-w\/","title":{"rendered":"Efficiency of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Annona Squamosa as Antifeedant Against Soybean Pest Diacrisia Oblique (W.)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction <\/strong><\/p>\n

Insect pest management activities depend on chemical insecticides or xenobiotics. These chemicals cause environmental pollution and by their long term use, they can create high toxicity, bioaccumulation in animal tissues and finally biomagnifications in the food chain of ecological system. In order words they are inclined to be ecologically disastrous (Lahir, 2009). In search of safer and effective alternatives, attention has been focussed on herbal biopesticides or plant extracts. Herbal products reveal every imaginable biological activity. They may be repellents, antifeedants (Phagodeterent), ovicidal, and insecticidal to the insects. Thousand of secondary metabolites derived from plants and only few of them have so far been identified. Some of these compounds have already been exploited commercially as insect control agents e.g. Neem elixier, Derisome, Pyrethrum etc. [Khanna 1992, Banerjee 1995, Soni & Kumar 2001 and Hussain 2003].<\/p>\n

Annona squamosa<\/em> is a shrub or small tree common in forest of Madhya Pradesh. The plants are largely cultivated for the roto were reported (Sabnis, 1990 and Gupta et al<\/em>., 2005). The seeds and leaves are used to remove lice in head and havign insecticidal property (Cheema et al<\/em>., 1985). Thus, in the present study, an attempt has been made for it’s scientific verification.<\/p>\n

Material and Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n

The leaves Annona squamosa<\/em> were collected from the area of Bhopal district. The air dried plant parts (leaves) were grinded to powder about 40-60 mesh size. This powder was extracted with soxhlet apparatus using various solvents and water (Harborne, 1984). The obtained extract was concentrated in rotavapor below 40\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Soyabeen pests, Diacrisia obliqua<\/em> were collected from the field and were placed in insectory to maintain their life cycle. The antifeedant activity was measured on the average area of leaves consumed by larval (Cm\u00b2) in 48 hrs. duration. To observe the antifeedant activity of crude aquous extract of Annona squamosa<\/em> (Leaves) against. D. obliqua<\/em>, four different concentrations of plant extract were prepared and the soyabean leaves were treated with. These concentrations in petridishes. In every petridish 15 larvae were allowed to feed on treated leaves at 48 hrs. The area of leaf measured initially and at the end of experiment that is after 48 hrs. Antifeedant index (%) was applied on the observed values. Antifeedant index was based on consumed area of leaf by larvae in the treatment and control.<\/p>\n

A.I. = C-T \/ C + T \u00d7 100<\/p>\n

C = Area consume in control leaf<\/p>\n

T = Area consume in treated leaf<\/p>\n

A.I. = Antifeedant index<\/p>\n

The obtained values (result) were statistically analysed.<\/p>\n

Results<\/strong><\/p>\n

The maximum antifeedant activity aws noticed on 1.25% concentration (Table No. 1, graph No 1). At this concentration the consumed average area of Soyabean leaves was 7.10 cm\u00b2, while the lowest activity observed at 0.25 percent concentration where the consumed leaf area was 20.10 cm\u00b2. The 1.25 percent concentration of aquous extract causes significant feeding deterrent activity. The ‘t’ value was calculated 12.65, Thus, show that the result are highly significant (P <0.05).<\/p>\n

Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Althrough A. squamosa <\/em>is reported to possess varied medicinal properties such as nutritional, autiovulatory and antitumor activities (Gupta et al<\/em>., 1985 and Vohora et al<\/em>., 1975). Insecticidal properteis of the seeds oil of A. squamosa have been studied (Cheema et al<\/em>., 1985) but no one has paid attention on the property of leaf extract as an insecticidal agent. In the present study antifeedant activity of A. squamosa<\/em> (aquous extract of leaves) have been noticed against pest (D. oblique<\/em>) attacking on Soyabean Crop. During the last few year, various plant products have been evaluated on feeding deterrent (antifeedant) activity against phytophaghous insects (Sundrajan et al<\/em>., 2001).<\/p>\n

Table 1: Showing antifeedant activity of Diacrisia oblique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
from Annona squamosa (Aqueous extract of leaves)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plant part<\/td>\nConc.<\/td>\nAntifeedant<\/td>\nMean<\/td>\nt Value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
extract<\/td>\n%<\/td>\nindex %<\/td>\n\u00b1SE<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nlarvae (cm\u00b2)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Annona squamosa<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n50.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(leaves) in Distilled<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n62.81<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
water (H2O)<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n72.16<\/td>\n\u00b15.23<\/td>\n12.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1.25<\/td>\n80.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nControl<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Result based on three replicates<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Figure<\/td>\nFigure 1: Showing antifeedant activity of aquous extract (leaf) of A. squamosa <\/em>against paste.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Click here to View figure<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n

The aquous leaf extract of Annona squamosa <\/em>found to be an effective antifeedant agent. Since the antifeedant activity was concentration dependent, probably the leaf contains flavinoids thus, it needs to be further explored.<\/p>\n

Acknolwedgements<\/strong><\/p>\n

First author (Dr. Alok Varma) is thankful to University Grants Commission, Regional Office, Bhopal for providing financial assistance to complete this research explored.<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Banerjee S., Insect – plant interactions, natural products as insect control agents Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol<\/em>. 4<\/strong>(1): 95-98 (1995).<\/li>\n
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  3. Gupta, R.K., Nutritional and Hypoglycimic effect of first pulp of Annona squamosa in normal healthy and Alloxan – Induced Diabent Rabbits. Ann Nutri Metabl <\/em>49<\/strong>: 407-413 (2005).<\/li>\n
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  5. Hussein, A.K.M., Efficiency of extracts from ornamental plants against Teranychus uriticae <\/em>(Tetranychidae<\/em>. Gamaside) in vegetable crops in Egypt. WOCAMP II PP03-62 (2003).<\/li>\n
  6. Khan, A., Neem grains honour as Indian’s Down to Earth 1<\/strong>(10): 5-11 (1992).<\/li>\n
  7. Lahir, Y.K., Bioaccumulation of Toxicants. Toxicology 149-155 (2009).<\/li>\n
  8. Soni, V.K., and Kumar S., Plumbagin, A natural occuring insecticide. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Speical Emphasis on Chhattisgarh. 87<\/strong>: 13-14 (2001).<\/li>\n
  9. Sundrajan, G. and Kumthakalavalli, R., Antifeedant activity of aqueous extract of Gnidia glauca <\/em>(Gilg) and Toddalia asiatica<\/em> Lam. On the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> (Hbn). Journal of Environmental Biology<\/em>, 22<\/strong>(1): 11-14 (2001).<\/li>\n
  10. Vohra, S.B., Inshwar, K., Nagvi SAH, Phytochemical, Pharmacological antibacterial and anti ovulatory studies on Annona squamosa<\/em>, Plants Medi <\/em>28<\/strong>: 97-100 (1975).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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