{"id":1383,"date":"2015-03-25T07:30:06","date_gmt":"2015-03-25T07:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/?p=1383"},"modified":"2017-01-09T10:41:01","modified_gmt":"2017-01-09T10:41:01","slug":"lipid-and-other-nutrients-metabolism-in-bombyx-mori-during-gowth-and-metabolism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/vol3no1\/lipid-and-other-nutrients-metabolism-in-bombyx-mori-during-gowth-and-metabolism\/","title":{"rendered":"Lipid And Other Nutrients Metabolism In Bombyx Mori During Gowth And Metabolism"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction <\/strong><\/p>\n

Silk moth is an insect of order Lepidoptera which needs exogenous source of lipid compound for growth and development. Steroids have several vital functions including larval growth and development. the silk moth which is monophagous insect, feeds upon mulberry leaves. The quality of mulberry leaf is very essential for the proper growth and metabolism of Bombyxmori<\/em>, Lipid which contains phospholipid and triglyceroids are found to be present either in the fat body or larval lymph glands. Smith et.al. (1980) have reported the role of plant lipid in embryonic development of Bombyxmori<\/em>. Similarly, jackson (1980) have reviewed the location of lipid and its biosynthesis in insect body. Chino and Gilbert (1965) have also reported the role of lipid in the transport of haemolymph.<\/p>\n

The present paper was aimed to report the utilization of plant lipid for growth and metamorphosis of Bombyxmori<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Material and Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mulberry plants that is Morusalba<\/em> leaves were collected from Johad Sericulture Form Govt. of M.P. the Tender leaves were fad to the different in star silkworm according to their need. Bivoltine variety of silk worm was used for the presently study.<\/p>\n

Rearing and feeding of larvae of Bombyxmori<\/em>.:Bombyxmori<\/em> have four stages of growth and development. In the first stage.<\/p>\n

The embryo grows and develops in to a larva. The second is a vegetative stage, in which the larva takes nutrients i.e. mulberry leaves. Mulberry leaves are the sole food for larvae in commercial sericulture and of silkworm crop. Hence choice of mulberry leaves suitable for healthy growth of silkworm is one of the most important factors in sericulture. The third is a metamorphic stage in which the larva becomes pupa and then into the adult. The fourth stage of cycle is known as reproductive stage in which moth mates and the female moth lays eggs producing next generation.<\/p>\n

Feeding of silkworm :- For the proper growth and metamorphosis of larvae, proper feeding was giving as per standard method (Saxena 2000).<\/p>\n

Results <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mulberry leaves are the sole food for silkworm. The mulberry leaves were collected and chemical analysis was carried out as giving in table 1,2,3, and figure 1.<\/p>\n

Table 1: Showing loss in weight in mulbery leaves (100gms) tender leaves<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Weight of<\/strong><\/td>\nDry weight of<\/strong><\/td>\nLoss in weight<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ash contends 2.5%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
leaves<\/td>\nleaves<\/td>\nand %<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(Tender)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nAcid soluble<\/td>\nwater soluble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50gms<\/td>\n12gms<\/td>\n38gms=76%<\/td>\n1.6gms<\/td>\n40gms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Table 2: Mineral composition\u00a0of the ash of mulberry leaves<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S. No.<\/strong><\/td>\nMain Constituents<\/strong><\/td>\nPercentage<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nK2O<\/td>\n35.46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nNa0<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n16.96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nSIO2<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nP2O5<\/td>\n10.01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nSO3<\/td>\n5.33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nMgo<\/td>\n3.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Table 3: Comparative contents of Sugar, Strach and water in Mulberry leaves<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
S. No.<\/strong><\/td>\nContents<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Time<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n82.11<\/td>\n74.901<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Utilization of mulberry leaves constituents by silk moth<\/strong><\/p>\n

The lipid fraction of Soxlahet extracted plant material was applied through dietery material. it has been noticed that the cholestrol of plant was feeding stimulate which showed nutritional and behavioural effect of silk moth, Bombyxmori<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The result have been shown in tables 4,5, and fig. 2.<\/p>\n

Table 4: Showing rearing schedule of young larvae instars of Bombyxmori<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Age of silkworm<\/strong><\/td>\nTemp.<\/strong><\/td>\nRH%<\/strong><\/td>\nSize of leaf<\/strong><\/td>\nQuality\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nNo.of<\/strong><\/td>\nNo.of<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nsquare (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nof leaf<\/strong><\/td>\nfeeds\/day<\/strong><\/td>\ncleanig<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n(kgm)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Multivoltine strain<\/td>\nIINSTAR<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n80-90<\/td>\n0.5-2.0<\/td>\n2-2..5<\/td>\n4-Mar<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
of B.mori<\/td>\nIIINSTAR<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n80-90<\/td>\n2.0-4.0<\/td>\n7-Jun<\/td>\n4-Mar<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nIIIINSTAR<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n75-80<\/td>\n4.0-6.0<\/td>\n25-30<\/td>\n5-Apr<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bivoltine strain<\/td>\nIINSTAR<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n80-90<\/td>\n0.5-2.0<\/td>\n2-5..5<\/td>\n4-Mar<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
of B.mori<\/td>\nIIINSTAR<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n80-90<\/td>\n2.0-4.5<\/td>\n10-Aug<\/td>\n4-Mar<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nIIIINSTAR<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n75-80<\/td>\n4.5-6.2<\/td>\n35-45<\/td>\n5-Apr<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
For 100 disease free laying .<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Table 5 : Average of ingestion, egestion, assimilation, tissue grwoth in different instars of B. mori<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nFresh wight in grams<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Larval<\/strong><\/td>\nIngestion<\/strong><\/td>\nEgestion<\/strong><\/td>\nAssimilation<\/strong><\/td>\nTissue<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Instar<\/strong><\/td>\nLeaf<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nGrowth<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nConsumption<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I – INSTAR<\/td>\n0.400 \u00b1 0.002<\/td>\n0.1000 \u00b1 0.001<\/td>\n0.3 00\u00a0 \u00b1 0.002<\/td>\n0.048 \u00b1 0.002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(0.2 9)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n(0. 3 8)<\/td>\n-0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
II – INSTAR<\/td>\n2.197 \u00b1 0.001<\/td>\n0.580 \u00b1 0.001<\/td>\n1.617\u00a0 \u00b1 0.001<\/td>\n0.480 \u00b1 0.002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n-0.61<\/td>\n-2.04<\/td>\n-2.05<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III – INSTAR<\/td>\n6.327 \u00b1 0.003<\/td>\n1.740 \u00b1 0.001<\/td>\n4.587 \u00b1 0.002<\/td>\n1.850 \u00b1 0.017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(4.6 5)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n(5. 7 8)<\/td>\n(7. 66)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IV – INSTAR<\/td>\n17.200 \u00b1 0.047<\/td>\n5.6 00 \u00b1\u00a0 0.69<\/td>\n11.600 \u00b1 0.100<\/td>\n5.600 \u00b1 0.079<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(12. 6 3)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n-14.62<\/td>\n(23. 17)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V – INSTAR<\/td>\n110.060 \u00b1 0.021<\/td>\n48.8 10 \u00b1 0.028<\/td>\n61.250 \u00b1 0.047<\/td>\n16.200 \u00b1 0.094<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(8 0.8\u00a0 2)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n(77. 19)<\/td>\n-67.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00b1 Values indicate Standard Error (SE): instar wise percentage of ingestion, assimilation and tissue growth are given in parenthesis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Table 6: Mean efficiency of food utilization by Bombyxmori larvae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Instar<\/strong><\/td>\nApproximate<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Efficiency<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nDigestibility<\/strong><\/td>\nIngested Food<\/strong><\/td>\nDigested Food<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n(AD%)<\/strong><\/td>\n(ECI %)<\/strong><\/td>\n(EC D%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I – INSTAR<\/td>\n74.998 \u00b1 0.106<\/td>\n11.998 \u00b1 0.248<\/td>\n15. 99 3\u00a0 \u00b1 0.456<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
II – INSTAR<\/td>\n76.600 \u00b1 0.025<\/td>\n22.2 3 8 \u00b1 0.25<\/td>\n30.67 5\u00a0 \u00b1 0.024<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III – INSTAR<\/td>\n72.44 8 \u00b1 0.018<\/td>\n29. 2 3 8\u00a0 \u00b1 0.2 25<\/td>\n40.330 \u00b1 0.348<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IV – INSTAR<\/td>\n67. 4 3 8 \u00b1 0.048<\/td>\n32 552 \u00b1\u00a0 0.379<\/td>\n46.26 5 \u00b1 0.315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V – INSTAR<\/td>\n55.65 3 \u00b1 0.032<\/td>\n14.72 0 \u00b1 0.081<\/td>\n26.45 0 \u00b1 0.134<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00b1 Values indicate standard error (SE).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lipid metabolism<\/strong><\/p>\n

After the feeding of mulberry leaves there is decrease in neutral and phospholipid during the embryonic development of silkworm. The steroid remains at same lebel throughout the embryonegenesis, The fat body of the moth exhibit sexual dimarphism in lipid contents. (Fig – 2).<\/p>\n

Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the present study detail observations on utilization of host plant and its interaction with the larvae of Bombyxmori<\/em> have been recorded which have been mentioned in table 4. It has been noticed that due to shortening. of feeding period, the larval period got extended in comparison to continuously fed larvae. During fourth instar, it was less pronounced, however, during Vthinstar, there was difference of about one day between 0 and 6 hrs\/day of food deprivation. No remarkable difference was noticed between 0 and 3 hrs\/day as shown in table (5). The pupal period did not show any difference between the treatment. Increasing level of food deprivation showed increase adverse effect of the survival percentage of the larvae.<\/p>\n

Data, on food deprivation effect on the quantity of food ingested, faecal matter produced, food digestion and gain in body weight have been shown in table (6). Which showed an increasing trend with advancement in larval stage. These findings are in agreement with those reported by Kogan and Cope (1974), Ramdev (1978) on Achoeajanata, Mehrotra et.al. (1972) an Locusts and Nathet al., <\/em>(1990) on Diacrasia.<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Chino H. and Gilbert, L.I., Lipid release and transport in Insects. Bioche.Biophysiol<\/em>. A CTA; 98: 94-110 (1965).<\/li>\n
  2. Jackson L.L., Cuticular lipids of insects. Lipids<\/em>; 5: 38-41 (1980).<\/li>\n
  3. Kogan M and Cope, D, Feeding and nutrition of insects associated with soyabean. Ann – Entomol. Soc., Am<\/em>: 67: 66- 72 (1974).<\/li>\n
  4. Mehrotra, K.N. Rao, P.J. and Faruqui, T.N.A., The consumption. digestion and Utilization of by Locust Ent. Exp. Appl<\/em>., 15: 90- 96 (1972).<\/li>\n
  5. Nath T.N.:Shivnath and G.Subbarao., Effect of food deprivation of dry matter Utilization shell and cocoon weigth and fecundity of multivoltine silkworm, Bombyxmori<\/em> Linn. raceNistani. Ind. J. Seri<\/em>; 29(2): 174-181 (1990).<\/li>\n
  6. Ramdev, Y.P., Studies on the consumption and utilization of caster Ricinuscommunis Linn. by the cestarsemilooper, Acholajanota\u00a0M.Sc thesis, I.A.R.I., New Delhi (1978).<\/li>\n
  7. Saxena H.K., Studies on the utilization of Lipid in Bombyxmori. Ph.D. Thesis, BarkatUllah University, Bhopal. 180 (2000).<\/li>\n
  8. Smith, S.L. Walker, E., Lawarance, B and Gilbert, I., Studies of biosynthesis of Ecdyosone and 20 – hydroxy – ecdyosone in the tabacoo. hornworm, Manducasexia, progress in Ecd.Res. Edt. Hoffmann. Elsvier Bio – Medical Press: 139 – 162 (1980).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction Silk moth is an insect of order Lepidoptera which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol3no1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1383"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12566,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383\/revisions\/12566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biomedpharmajournal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}