Analysis of Fatality Among COVID-19 Cases in Mexican Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nicolás Padilla-Raygoza^1*, María de Jesús Gallardo-Luna¹ , Gilberto Flores -Vargas¹, Efraín Navarro-Olivos² , Francisco Javier Magos-Vázquez³, Elia Lara-Lona³ and Daniel Alberto Díaz-Martínez³

¹Department of Research and Technological Development, Teaching and Research Directorate, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State.

²Teaching and Research Directorate, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State .

³General Directorate of Health Services, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State.

Corresponding Author E-mail: npadillar@guanajuato.gob.mx

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the fatality of cases confirmed by COVID-19 among pregnant women in Mexico. It is a cross-sectional and analytical study. We used the registries from pregnant women available in the open database of the National Epidemiological Surveillance System from the General Directorate of Epidemiology. We showed descriptive statistics for all the variables. A suspected case of COVID-19 is any person who presented the following signs and symptoms: fever, headache, cough, and others. A confirmed case is any suspected case with a positive RT- PCR test result. We computed OR and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the effect of independent variables on dying from COVID-19. Also, it was calculated the Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) among pregnant women. The alpha value was fixed at 0.05 as a threshold to show statistical significance. The CFR was 1.09%. For confirmed cases, the average age among those who died was higher than among those who did not die (P <0.05). The average time between the onset of symptoms and registration in the system was higher for those who died (P <0.05). Among the deceased, 76.97% had pneumonia. For the 40-49 years age group, the effect on death was statistically significant (OR 4.97, CI95% 1.77 – 17.85). Outpatient care had a protective effect on dying (OR 0.04, CI95% 0.02 – 0.09). Pneumonia was highly associated with death (OR 8.68, CI95% 5.72 – 13.6). Co-morbidities did not affect dying while considering them in a multivariable logistic regression model. Among pregnant women, smoking has little effect on death by COVID-19. The CFR was low compared with the rest of the Mexican population. The co-morbidities had a low prevalence among pregnant women. Since the reproductive age span is young age, pregnant women have two protective factors for COVID-19 detected so far: being young and woman.

Keywords: COVID-19; Fatality; Pregnancy; Reproductive age; SARS-CoV-2; Surveillance system

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