The Anticancer Activity of Phytoconstituents of the Stem of Bouea macrophylla

Tarso Rudiana^1*, Nani Suryani¹, Dimas D. Indriatmoko², Yusransyah Yusransyah³, Muhammad A. Hardiyanto⁴, Ricky Yohanes⁴, Siti Nurbayti⁴, Eka Nurdiansyah², Hidayatul Fajri¹, Noviany Noviany⁵, Sutopo Hadi⁵

¹Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Pharmacy and Health, Universitas Mathla’ul Anwar, Jalan Raya Labuan-Pandeglang KM 23, Pandeglang Banten 42273, Indonesia

²Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science, Pharmacy and Health, Universitas Mathla’ul Anwar, Jalan Raya Labuan-Pandeglang KM 23, Pandeglang Banten 42273, Indonesia

³Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Salsabila, Jalan Raya Serang-Pandeglang KM 06 No. 33 Serang Banten 42211, Indonesia

⁴Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jalan Ir. H. Juanda No. 95, South Tangerang Banten 15412, Indonesia

⁵Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35141, Indonesia

Corresponding Author E-mail: tarso.rudiana@gmail.com

Abstract: Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff) is a typical Asian plant that is commonly found in In-donesia with various secondary metabolite compounds such as phenolic, flavonoid and ter-penoid. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites from the stem extract of B. macrophylla and determine their activity against cancer cells MCF-7, A549, MDA-MB 231 and HCC-1954. The isolation of the compounds was conducted using various chromatographic techniques, the determination of the chemical structure of the isolates was performed using physicochemical methods including mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance, the determination of anticancer activity was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) i.e. MCF-7 and A549 cell lines; and dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) for MDA-MB 231 and HCC-1954 cell lines. Four compounds namely stigmasterol (1), fustin (2), garbanzol (3) and methyl galat (4) were successfully isolated from the stem extract of B. macrophylla, which was obtained from Serang Regency, Indonesia. These compounds were then tested their anticancer activity against the cancer cells of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7),   human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), human breast cancer cell line-1954 (HCC-1954) and M.D. Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231 (MDA-MB-231). The results of anticancer test indicated that based on the IC₅₀ values for all compounds tested, the compounds 2 and 4 were more active on HCC-1954 cell with IC₅₀ values of 134.35 ± 44.62 and 153.69 ± 12.54 µg/mL, respectively, while the compound 3 was found to be the most active against MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC₅₀ value of 233.41 ± 91.57 µg/mL

Keywords: Anticancer, B. Macrophylla, Cytotoxicity, Phytoconstituents

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