Palmatine Modulates Triple Negative Mammary Carcinoma by Regulating the Endogenous Function of P53, P21 and Mdm2.

Selase Ativui^1*, Cynthia A. Danquah¹, Newman Osafo¹ and Sammy Ka-Chungu²

¹Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana

²Department of Pathology, KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1932, Kumasi, Ghana.

Corresponding Author E-mail: montecelacy@gmail.com

Abstract:

Natural products and their bioactive constituents have been investigated for centuries and recognized as a source of valuable therapeutic candidates in the development of contemporary anticancer drugs. Triple negative breast cancers are a sub type of malignant cells formed in the breast tissue caused by uncontrolled and abnormal division. Palmatine, a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from several medicinal plants in West Africa,has not been extensively investigated for its anti-breast cancer properties especially in triple-negative mammary carcinoma. The 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells were transplanted orthotopically into the mammary fat pad of the female balb/c mice. Tumor volume,tumor weight, histology and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out.After 28 days, palmatine (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner decreased tumor volume (190.80 ±19.14, 25.40 ± 2.82, 14.20 ± 1.85), reduced tumor weight (1.035± 0.04, 0.8027± 0.01, 0.5090±0.04), inhibited tumor growth (31%, 46%, 66%) and protected against morphological dysplasia induced by the carcinoma (3.50 ± 0.29, 2.25 ± 0.25, 1.75 ± 0.25)respectively. Also, palmatine increased the activity of the tumor protein p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) and mouse double minute 2(Mdm2) compared to the untreated carcinoma bearingmice. Overall, palmatine protected against triple negative mammary carcinoma and can be a valuable anticancer compound to treat breast diseases.

Keywords: Anti-Breast Cancer; Natural Compounds; Palmatine; Triplenegative

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