Toxicological Evaluation of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Syzygium Kanarense (Talbot) Raizada Leaves in Wistar Rats

Divakar M S¹, Raju Krishna Chalannavar²* Shivakumar Hugar³ and Karunakar Hegde⁴

¹Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India-574 199

²Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalgangothri, Karnataka, India-574 199

³Department of Pharmacology, BLDEA’s SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India-586103

⁴Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Valachill, Post- Farangepete, Mangalore, Karnataka, India-574143

Corresponding Author E-mail :drrajkc@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the oral acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate extract of Syzygium kanarense leaves. Medicinal plants play an important role in ethnomedicine for the treatment of multiple diseases. Syzygium is a common fruit tree with different species under Myrtaceae family; Syzygium cumini and Syzygium calophyllifolium are known medicinal plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and various diseases. Syzygium kanarense one of the unexplored plants tested for toxicity for the purpose of therapeutic value. The ethyl acetate extract of Syzygium kanarense (Talbot) Raizada (Family: Myrtaceae) leaves was investigated for the study of cytotoxicity and oral acute toxicity in female Wistar albino rats according to OECD guideline 425. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out and confirmed the cytotoxicity by MTT assay using NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line with 5 concentrations (100 to 500µg/ml) of the extract. For oral acute toxicity study female rats were divided into two equal groups. One group served as vehicle control (VC) while the other group received an orally single dose at the 2g/kg body weight (B.W) of Syzygium kanarense leaves extract from ethyl acetate (SKLEE). Then both groups were observed carefully for 14 days. After blood samples were collected carefully by cardiac puncture, under anesthesia and were subjected to haematological and biochemical analyses. The vital organs of rats were preserved in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. The extract contains phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, saponins steroids, volatile oil, glycosides, carbohydrates, and proteins. The result of cytotoxicity on NIH/3T3 cell line with IC₅₀=425.07µg/ml and the percentage of viable cells was calculated. In the acute toxicity study found no mortality, no significant changes in B.W, blood parameters and also with the study of histopathology. The data revealed that LD₅₀ of the leaves extract was more than 2g/kg B.W. The study concluded that the extract presence of phytochemicals is useful for traditional medicine for various diseases because they were non-toxic when administered orally at the dose of 2g/kg B.W to rats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the extract from Syzygium kanarense leaves.

Keywords: Raizada Leaves; Syzygium kanarense; Wistar Rats

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