Detection of Multi-Class Retinal Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence: An Expeditious Learning Using Deep CNN with Minimal Data

Karthikeyan S.¹, Sanjay Kumar P.¹, R J Madhusudan², S K Sundaramoorthy², P K Krishnan Namboori³*

¹Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research lab, Center for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.

²Lotus Eye Hospital and Institute, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore-641 014

³Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research lab, Center for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.

Corresponding Author E-mail: n_krishnan@cb.amrita.edu

Abstract: The health-related complications such as diabetes, macular degeneration, inflammatory conditions, ageing and fungal infections may cause damages to the retina and the macula of the eye, leading to permanent vision loss. The major diseases associated with retina are Arteriosclerotic retinopathy (AR), Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), Coat's disease (CD) and Hemi-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (HRVO). The symptomatic variations among these disorders are relatively confusing so that a systematic diagnostic strategy is difficult to set in. Therefore, an early detection device is required that is capable of differentiating the various ophthalmic complications and thereby helping in providing the right treatment to the patient at the right time. In this research work, 'Deep Convolution Neural Networks (Deep CNN) based machine learning approach has been used for the detection of the twelve major retinal complications from the minimal set of fundus images. The model was further cross-validated with real-time fundus images. The model is found to be superior in its efficiency, specificity and ability to minimize the misclassification. The “multi-class retinal disease” model on further cross-validation with real-time fundus image of the gave an accuracy of 95.63 %, validation accuracy of 92.99 % and F1 score of 91.96 %. The multi-class model is found to be a theranostic clinical support system for the ophthalmologist for diagnosing different kinds of retinal problems, especially BRAO, BRVO, CRAO, CD, DR, HRVO, HP, HR, and CN.

Keywords: Deep CNN; Fundus Image; Multi-Class Retinal Diseases; Theranostic Tool

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