Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Isolated from Various Specimens in Denpasar-Bali: A Two Years Retrospective Study
Sri Masyeni
, Hegard Sukmawati, Ayu Savitri Siskayani, Satya Dharmayanti and Kartika SariFaculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, Jln Terompong 24, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia 80235.
Corresponding Author E-mail: masyeniputu@yahoo.com
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging global health problem worldwide. Resistant bacteria generate higher morbidity and mortality rates. Lack of awareness of AMR includes self-antibiotic prescription, lack of access to get the bacteria and antibiograms data were leading factors for AMR development. The objective of the study was to determine the profile of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different specimens among two referred microbial laboratories in Denpasar Bali. A retrospective data from January 2015 to December 2016 of various specimens in two different laboratories were reviewed. Type of clinical specimen, type of bacterial isolate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from different isolates were extracted using data extraction format. of the 760 various specimens analysed, pathogens were identified in 717 (94.3%) specimens. Almost all of the specimens indicated more than 90% positive cultured result. In contrast with the blood specimens which detected only 50% pathogens. The big five bacteria found were Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp, Enterobacter spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These five bacteria were found to have sensitivity rate more than 60% to gentamycin, around 50% to ciprofloxacin, and very low sensitivity to erythromycin (0-15%). Of 63 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 97% exhibited resistance to erythromycin, and 84%, 83% resistance to cefuroxime and amoxicillin, respectively. Similar resistance pattern also showed by Escherichia coli whereas 100% of these pathogens resistance to erythromycin, followed by 83% resistance to amoxicillin and 81% resistance to cefuroxime. The highest multidrug-resistance rate was observed in Staphylococcus spp isolates (62%), in reverse with only 17% MDR of Proteus sp. The five predominant bacteria isolates showed high resistance to erythromycin. Multidrug-resistant was common in the present study in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp identified as the most multi drugs resistant pathogens. Gentamycin was the most effective antibiotic against most of the bacteria. Periodic surveillance to determine the pattern of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity is recommended for generating a local antibiograms for physician guidelines in combating an infection.
Keywords: Antimicrobial; Bacteria; Susceptibility; Specimens Various; Back to TOC