Analysis of Pneumonia, Hospitalization, and Fatality Among COVID-19 Cases by Mexican States in Women Under 19 Years: An Ecological Study
Gilberto Flores-Vargas1
, Nicolás Padilla-Raygoza1*, Efraín Navarro-Olivos1, María de Jesús Gallardo-Luna1, Elia Lara-Lona2 Francisco J. Magos-Vázquez3 Daniel Alberto Díaz-Martínez31Department of Research and Technological Development, Teaching and Research Directorate, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State.Victor Cervera Pacheco 14 Primer Piso Plaza Santa Fé Guanajuato, Gto. Mexico CP36250
2Department of Medicine and Nutrition, Division of Health Sciences, Campus Leon, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, México CP37670
3Directorate of Health Services, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico CP36000
Corresponding Author E-mail: npadillar@guanajuato.gob.mx
Abstract: Background. Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), some social sectors were affected;one of them is girls and women, and it is feared some inequalities may worse. Objective. To analyze pneumonia, hospitalizations, and fatality among confirmed cases of COVID-19, by the state of residence, in Mexican women under 19 years. Methods. A quantitative, ecological, comparative, and retrolective study was designed. The study population was female patients under 19 years whose data was available from the Mexican open National Epidemiological Surveillance System database up to March 31, 2021. For each Mexican state and at the national level, the proportion of pneumonia, hospitalized, and Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) among confirmed cases were calculated, besides descriptive statistics. The state with the lowest proportion of pneumonia, hospitalizations, and CFR was used as the baseline group to calculate Odds Ratio (ORs) and Attributable Fraction both in exposed and the population. The linear relationship between pneumonia cases proportion and hospitalizations with CFR was tested. Test results with p-values under .05 were considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed in STATA 13.0 ® (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Results. The number of registries analyzed was 48,091. Attributable Fractions were above 0.7 for most states. Most ORs were high and statistically significant. The correlation between hospitalization proportion, pneumonia proportion, and CFR was high. High values for the Attributable Fractions and ORs were observed among states from the Mexican coastlines. Conclusion. Level and quality of attention vary across states, which was observed through the values of Attributable Fractions and ORs. Although women under 19 years seem to be mildly affected by COVID-19 in clinical regard, the socioeconomic effects of the pandemic in this sector must be studied and addressed. The sharing of strategies among states may benefit the attention of the COVID-19 emergency is a primary goal.
Keywords: COVID-19; Pneumonia; Lethality; SARS-CoV-2; Women Back to TOC