Impact of Body Mass Index on Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Walid G. Babikr1, Mohammed H. F. Shalayel*2, Ahmed H. M. K. Abdelraheem1 and Amar B. Elhussein3

1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, KSA.

2College of Medicine, Professor of Biochemistry, Najran University, KSA.

3College of Medical Applied Sciences, Najran University, KSA.

Corresponding Author E-mail: drmhfs@hotmail.com

Abstract: There are limited data supporting the relationship between low levels of certain minerals with abnormal glucose metabolism in humans, this does not clearly distinguish between associations of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus with macrominerals. A hospital based- case control study was conducted in Najran University Hospital (Najran, Saudi Arabia). The study aimed to reveal the possible impact of BMI on serum calcium and magnesium levels in type 2 diabetic patients.Patients' sera were used to measure the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. BMI was subsequently calculated as weight (kg) per height (m2).Pearson correlation coefficient showed a high significant negative correlation for serum magnesium with FBS, BMI, HbA1c in diabetic patients (r = -0.582, p < 0.0001, -0.234, p < 0.0001 and -0.643, p< 0.0001 respectively). Meanwhile, a significant high negative correlation between serum calcium and BMI was found in our study (r = -o.140, p < 0.038). A significant renunciative decrease was found in the levels of serum calcium and magnesium in diabetic patients by increasing BMI from normal weight, overweight, obese, to morbidly obese patients as proven by one way ANOVA (p < 0.05). It was concluded that hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia are clinical prognostic indicators for poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia in type 2 diabetic patients are impacted on by BMI. The higher BMI, the lower serum magnesium and calcium levels and hence the worse glycemic control.

Keywords: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); Calcium (Ca); Magnesium (Mg); Body mass index (BMI)

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