Spectrum of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance among Clinical Strains of Vibrio Cholerae O1 and O139 isolated during 1999-2003 in Orissa, India.
Hemant Kumar Khuntia¹, Surya Kanta Samal¹, Santanu Kumar Kar¹, Bibhuti Bhusan Pal¹*, Ashok Kumar Sarangi², Sudeep Ranjan Nayak³ and Diptimayee Sahoo4

¹Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar.

²School of Biotech Sciences, TACT, Bhubaneswar .

³Department of Microbiology, Allahabad Agriculture Institute, Allahabad.

4Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar.

Abstract: Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 472 Vibrio cholerae O1 and 156 O139 strains isolated from diarrhoea patients from 1999-2003 in Orissa, India were analyzed to determine the changing trends. Ampicillin and neomycin resistance decreased from 1999 (96.2 and 88.8% respectively) to 2003 (88.2 and 49.7% respectively) among O1 serogroup. Resistance to cotrimoxazole, furazolidone, nalidixic acid and streptomycin was observed to be almost constantly high among O1. Both the serogroups showed development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and tetracycline; remained largely susceptible to gentamicin and tetracycline in each year. V. cholerae O139 strains exhibited fluctuating trends of susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Nalidixic acid resistant O139 was emerged in 1999 and all became resistant from 2000 onwards. Pearson’s Chi-square analysis revealed that the serogroup of O1 and O139 exhibited increase and decrease of resistance to almost all the antibiotics within one or two years of interval. Association of multiple drug resistance even up to 9 drugs including fluoroquinolone was observed with constant change in drug resistance profile. To our belief it is the first report to be observed from the analysis that V. cholerae O1 can carry the multi drug resistance longer than O139 strains. It is suggested to identify the susceptibility pattern of V. cholerae to determine the effective drug for the treatment of cholera.

Keywords: Antibiotics; Cholera; Diarrhoea; Multiple drug resistance; Susceptible; Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139

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