Phytochemical and Biological Studies of the Aerial Parts of Carissa edulis Growing in Saudi Arabia
Hanan Al-Youssef1 and Wafaa H. B. Hassan1,2*1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig (Egypt).
Abstract: In this study we aimed to isolate and characterize the different chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Carissa edulis in addition to investigate the biological activities including anti-inflammatory, diuretics and the effect on cardiovascular system. Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Carissa edulis afforded eleven compounds, chlorogenic acid -1- ethyl ether-1-methyl ester (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), kaempferol (3), quercetin- 3-O-D-glucoside-7, 3‘, 4‘ trimethyl ether (4), rutin (5), pinitol (6), b-amyrin (7), lupeol (8), stigmasterol glucoside (9), b–sitosterol (10) and b–sitosterol glucoside (11). The structures of compounds 1-6 were unambiguously established by using UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. This is the first report of isolation of compound 1 from nature. The biological study of the different extracts showed that the butanol extract exerted higher anti-inflammatory effect than ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. Also the chloroform extract showed the highest diuretic effect. On the other hand, the aqueous extract exerted a significant decrease in the arterial blood pressure at a dose of 200 mg/kg while the petroleum ether extract produced the highest decrease in heart rate at the same dose.
Keywords: Carissa edulis; chlorogenic acid derivative; flavonoids; phenolic compounds Back to TOC